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Mirror Neurons Differentially Encode the Peripersonal and Extrapersonal Space of Monkeys
Abstract
Actions performed by others may have different relevance for the observer, and thus lead to different behavioral responses, depending on the regions of space in which they are executed. We found that in rhesus monkeys, the premotor cortex neurons activated by both the execution and the observation of motor acts (mirror neurons) are differentially modulated by the location in space of the observed motor acts relative to the monkey, with about half of them preferring either the monkey's peripersonal or extrapersonal space. A portion of these spatially selective mirror neurons encode space according to a metric representation, whereas other neurons encode space in operational terms, changing their properties according to the possibility that the monkey will interact with the object. These results suggest that a set of mirror neurons encodes the observed motor acts not only for action understanding, but also to analyze such acts in terms of features that are relevant to generating appropriate behaviors.
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“Mirror neurons in PMVr also display preferential activity for stimuli located in the PPS (Caggiano et al. 2009).”
From Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition (2024) · cites this paper as Caggiano et al. 2009
In the citing paper
“However, the single cell data again suggest that relatively few MNs have the field properties one would expect of a system designed by genetic evolution to represent high-level action intentions.”
From Mirror neurons: from origin to function (2014) · cites this paper as Caggiano et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“Prior investigations in rodents and primates, for example, have provided evidence for the presence of neurons that encode information about other individuals, demonstrating changes in activity when the animals observe another’s appetitive or aversive experiences 1–11.”
From Reduced sociability and social agency encoding in adult Shank3-mutant mice are restored through gene re-expression in real time (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
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“Previous investigations have provided insight into how discrete aspects of another animal’s experience, such as receipt of reward, may be encoded by cells 1–7,9.”
From Reduced sociability and social agency encoding in adult Shank3-mutant mice are restored through gene re-expression in real time (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Caggiano, V., Fogassi, L., Rizzolatti, G., Thier, P., & Casile, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Parma (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Casile, Antonino
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-04-17
- Volume
- 324
- Issue
- 5925
- Pages
- 403-406
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2137701569
- Cited by
- 361
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 32.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- mirror neurons, peripersonal space, extrapersonal space, rhesus monkeys, premotor cortex, action observation, spatial coding, metric representation, operational representations, action understanding, social cognition
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Macaca mulatta, Male, Mental Processes, Motor Activity, Motor Cortex, Neurons, Personal Space, Psychomotor Performance, Space Perception, Visual Perception
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