The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Agricultural Research, Productivity, and Food Prices in the Long Run
Abstract
A reinvestment in agricultural R&D is critical to ensuring sufficient food for the world in the coming decades.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Attributing 34% of productivity growth (and thus carbon savings, or ∼36 tC/ha) to agricultural R&D and assuming that 70% of R&D is relevant to farm productivity gives a carbon price of $14.74 in AW1 and $27.43 in AW2 (per metric ton of carbon; plotted triangle).”
From Greenhouse gas mitigation by agricultural intensification (2010) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Alston et al. ([31](#r31)) estimated the proportion of state agricultural research relevant for farm productivity in the United States to be between 57% and 69%.”
From Greenhouse gas mitigation by agricultural intensification (2010) · cites this paper as [31]
Citations
Cites
Handbook of Agricultural EconomicsPreprint
Gardner, B. L., & Rausser, G. C. (2002) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 906
Research, productivity, and output growth in Chinese agriculture
Fan, S., & Pardey, P. G. (1997) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/s0304-3878(97)00005-9 · Cited by 243
Self-citationEconomic Benefits from Research: An Example from Agriculture
Evenson, R. E., Waggoner, P. E., & Ruttan, V. W. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.205.4411.1101 · Cited by 189
Patterns of Agrarian Transition
Macours, K., & Swinnen, J. (2002) · Economic Development and Cultural Change · doi:10.1086/322883 · Cited by 140
Diebold, W., & Ruttan, V. W. (1982) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20041381 · Cited by 131
A meta-analysis of rates of return to agricultural R & D: ex pede Herculem?
Alston, J. M., Wyatt, T. J., Pardey, P. G., Marra, M. C., & Chan‐Kang, C. (2000) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 120
Self-citationAgricultural R&D Policy: A Tragedy of the International CommonsPreprint
James, J. S., Pardey, P. G., & Alston, J. M. (2008) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.43094 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Pardey P. G., Alston J. M., Piggott R. R., Eds., Agricultural R&D in the Developing World: Too Little, Too Late? (International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, 2006).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 428
The return of Malthus? Resource constraints in an era of declining population growth
Naso, P., Lanz, B., & Swanson, T. M. (2020) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103499 · Cited by 16
Integrating the complexity of global change pressures on land and water
Müller, C., & Lotze‐Campen, H. (2012) · Global Food Security · doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2012.11.001 · Cited by 16
Agricultural Growth in India: Examining the Post-Green Revolution TransitionPreprint
Rada, N. E., & Rada, N. E. (2013) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.149547 · Cited by 15
The spatiotemporal pattern of surface ozone and its impact on agricultural productivity in China
Chen, X., Gao, J., Chen, L., Khanna, M., Gong, B., & Auffhammer, M. (2023) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad435 · Cited by 15
Ortiz‐Bobea, A., Chambers, R. G., He, Y., & Lobell, D. B. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2411010122 · Cited by 14
Comparison of Total Factor Productivity of Rice in China and Japan
Gao, L., Gao, Q., & Lorenc, M. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14127407 · Cited by 14
Role of technology in the global economic importance and viability of animal protein production
Lusk, J. L. (2013) · Animal Frontiers · doi:10.2527/af.2013-0020 · Cited by 14
The Costs of Regulatory Delays for Genetically Modified Crops
Smyth, S. J., Falck‐Zepeda, J. B., & Ludlow, K. (2016) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.253074 · Cited by 14
Cavalieri, A. J., Merchant, A., & Volkenburgh, E. V. (2011) · Functional Plant Biology · doi:10.1071/fpv38n12_fo · Cited by 14
Liao, R., Wei, Y., Bai, Y., & Liu, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2025.1595161 · Cited by 15
Boehm, J. D., Masterson, S., Palmer, N. A., Cai, X., & Miguez, F. E. (2023) · Crop Science · doi:10.1002/csc2.21065 · Cited by 13
Pavleska, M., & Kerr, W. A. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119926 · Cited by 13
Impacts of Biofuels on Food Prices
Hochman, G., Rajagopal, D., Timilsina, G. R., & Zilberman, D. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0518-8_4 · Cited by 13
Yield growth patterns of food commodities: Insights and challenges
Baffes, J., & Etienne, X. L. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313088 · Cited by 13
A strategic look at global wheat production, productivity and R&D developments
Pardey, P. G. (2011) · Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding · doi:10.17221/3248-cjgpb · Cited by 12
Self-citationNie, H., Qin, T., Li, C., Tang, Y., Weng, B., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Theoretical and Applied Climatology · doi:10.1007/s00704-019-02949-y · Cited by 12
Global volatility of public agricultural R&D expenditure
Rawat, S. (2020) · Advances in food security and sustainability · doi:10.1016/bs.af2s.2020.08.001 · Cited by 12
Agronomical Overview of Mulch Film Systems
Guerrini, S., Yan, C., Malinconico, M., & Mormile, P. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19416-1_13 · Cited by 12
The AAEA: Ever Growing and Changing Research Challenges
McCalla, A. F., Castle, E. N., & Eidman, V. R. (2010) · American Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1093/ajae/aaq013 · Cited by 12
Sheng, Y., Ball, E., & Nossal, K. (2015) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 12
Souty, F., Dorin, B., Brunelle, T., Dumas, P., & Ciais, P. (2013) · doi:10.5194/gmdd-6-6975-2013 · Cited by 12
Economic Benefits of Controlling Red Rice: A Case Study of the United States
Durand‐Morat, A., & Nalley, L. L. (2019) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy9080422 · Cited by 11
Cristea, D. S., Rosenberg, S., Pustianu, A. M., Simionov, I.-A., Mogodan, A., Petrea, Ș. M., & Moga, L. M. (2021) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy11112105 · Cited by 16
Reassessing International Agricultural Research for Food and Agriculture
Pardey, P. G., & Pingali, P. (2010) · Cited by 11
Self-citationLand Use in the 21st Century: Contributing to the Global Public Good
Hertel, T. W. (2017) · Review of Development Economics · doi:10.1111/rode.12295 · Cited by 9
MULTIFUNCTIONAL AGRICULTURE, PROTECTIONISM, AND PROSPECT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Moon, W., & Moon, W. (2010) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.174478 · Cited by 11
Hertel, T. W. (2010) · GTAP working paper series · doi:10.21642/gtap.wp63 · Cited by 11
Development of Inherent Vulnerability Index within Jammu Municipal Limits, India
Bharti, S., Haq, A. U., Guite, L. T. S., Kanga, S., Mushtaq, F., Farooq, M., Singh, S. K., Kumar, P., & Meraj, G. (2024) · Climate · doi:10.3390/cli12010012 · Cited by 11
Quantile connectedness in agri-commodity markets: What has changed over past six decades?
Ghosh, B., & Paparas, D. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13463 · Cited by 10
Agricultural R&D and Food Security of the Poor
Alston, J. M., & Pardey, P. G. (2013) · Economic Papers A journal of applied economics and policy · doi:10.1111/1759-3441.12048 · Cited by 10
Self-citationLobell, D. B. (2012) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/021002 · Cited by 10
Dang, Y. P., & Moody, P. W. (2016) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr15007 · Cited by 10
Critical issues in pest management for a future with sustainable biofuel cropping
Fitt, G. P. (2010) · Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2010.11.008 · Cited by 11
Baetsen-Young, A. M., Swinton, S. M., & Chilvers, M. I. (2020) · Plant Disease · doi:10.1094/pdis-04-20-0792-re · Cited by 10
Energy Security and Economics of Indian Biofuel Strategy in a Global ContextPreprint
Gunatilake, H., Roland-Holst, D. W., Sugiyarto, G., & Baka, J. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1927127 · Cited by 10
An alternative approach to measuring demand changes in meat markets
Bekkerman, A., Brester, G. W., & Tonsor, G. T. (2019) · The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review · doi:10.22434/ifamr2018.0120 · Cited by 9
Tyack, N., & Ščasný, M. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10113997 · Cited by 9
Marine shrimp fisheries research—a mismatch on spatial and thematic needs
Teixeira, E. C., da Silva, V. E. L., Fabré, N. N., & Batista, V. D. S. (2019) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-019-03276-9 · Cited by 9
Importance and Impact of Ecological Approaches to Crop Domestication
Begna, T. C. (2020) · Journal of Biology Agriculture and Healthcare · doi:10.7176/jbah/10-8-04 · Cited by 9
Closing Research Investment Gaps for a Global Food Transformation
Bollington, A., DeLonge, M. S., Mungra, D., Hayek, M., Saifuddin, M., & McDermid, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2021.794594 · Cited by 9
OECD (2011) · OECD green growth studies · doi:10.1787/9789264107250-en · Cited by 9
The Role of Chemistry in Addressing Hunger and Food Security
Fanzo, J., Remans, R., & Sanchez, P. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527635641.ch2 · Cited by 9
Biofuels: Steer Clear of Degraded Land
Spangenberg, J. H., & Settele, J. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.326.5958.1346-a · Cited by 9
The effect of day-to-day temperature variability on agricultural productivity
Zou, Z., Li, C., Wu, X., Meng, Z., & Cheng, C. (2024) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad8ede · Cited by 8
New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 03: Agriculture
Aller, D., Chatrchyan, A. M., Calixto, A. A., Cummings, J. A., Ortiz‐Bobea, A., Peck, G. M., Schouten, J., Weikert, B., Wolters, E., & Stevens, A. (2024) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15192 · Cited by 8
Effects of U.S. Public Agricultural R&D on U.S. Obesity and its Social Costs
Alston, J. M., MacEwan, J. P., & Okrent, A. M. (2016) · Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy · doi:10.1093/aepp/ppw014 · Cited by 8
Self-citationMicrobial Symbionts: A Potential Bio-Boom
Morsy, M. R. (2015) · Journal of Investigative Genomics · doi:10.15406/jig.2015.02.00015 · Cited by 8
Synthesis of findings from the four McGill conferences on global food security: 2008–2011
Madramootoo, C. A., & Fyles, H. (2012) · Food Security · doi:10.1007/s12571-012-0185-0 · Cited by 8
Niu, Z., Yan, H., & Liu, F. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su122310070 · Cited by 8
Spending our water and soils for food security
Busscher, W. J. (2012) · Journal of Soil and Water Conservation · doi:10.2489/jswc.67.3.228 · Cited by 8
Native Grassland Conversion: the Roles of Risk Intervention and Switching CostsPreprint
Miao, R., Hennessy, D. A., & Feng, H. (2013) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.145370 · Cited by 8
Lachaud, M. A., Bravo‐Ureta, B. E., & Ludeña, C. E. (2015) · doi:10.18235/0000142 · Cited by 8
Effects of digital agriculture solutions on smallscale wage workers and employment
Miine, L. K., Akorsu, A. D., Boampong, O., & Bukari, S. (2024) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2024.2329782 · Cited by 7
Impacts of Global Change on Crop Production and Food Security
Savary, S., Ficke, A., & Hollier, C. A. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5784-4_8 · Cited by 7
Wu, T., & Wang, Y. (2015) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su8010008 · Cited by 7
Public agricultural research and development spending in South Africa – update
Chaminuka, P., Beintema, N. M., Flaherty, K., & Liebenberg, F. G. (2019) · Agrekon · doi:10.1080/03031853.2018.1550427 · Cited by 7
In defense of farmer saved seeds
Gray, R. (2021) · Review of Agricultural Food and Environmental Studies · doi:10.1007/s41130-021-00162-y · Cited by 7
Wang, Z., Huan, M., Li, T., & Dai, Y. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-24158-3 · Cited by 7
Technological innovation and productivity in dryland agriculture in Australia
Carberry, P., Keating, B. A., Bruce, S., & Walcott, J. J. (2010) · Cited by 7
Mishra, G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3304-9_15
Joint forcing of climate warming and ENSO on a dual-cropping system
Li, F., Chen, J., & Zheng, J. (2019) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.02.012 · Cited by 7
Food will be more affordable — if we double funds for agriculture research now
Pardey, P. G., Chan‐Kang, C., Stads, G.-J., Chai, Y., Alston, J. M., Greyling, J. C., & Muñoz, H. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03970-0 · Cited by 6
Self-citationZhang, W. (2022) · China Agricultural Economic Review · doi:10.1108/caer-08-2021-0164 · Cited by 6
Agricultural productivity, food prices and inflation in Nigeria
Mbah, C. C., Orjime, S. M., & Mgbemena, E. M. (2022) · doi:10.31039/jomeino.2022.6.3.8 · Cited by 6
Mahmoud, I. B., Mbarek, H. B., Bellón, Á. S., Medhioub, M., Moussa, M., Rigane, H., & Gargouri, K. (2024) · Eurasian Soil Science · doi:10.1134/s1064229323602007 · Cited by 6
CHANGES IN YIELDING OF VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE IN VARIETY TESTING IN POLAND
Wicki, L. (2017) · Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0010.5191 · Cited by 6
Moon, W. (2022) · Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association · doi:10.1002/jaa2.31 · Cited by 6
Who Talks to Whom in Malawi's Agricultural Research Information Network?
Mapila, M., Yauney, J., Thangata, P., Droppelmann, K., & Mazunda, J. (2014) · The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension · doi:10.1080/1389224x.2014.971827 · Cited by 6
Priyadarshan, P. M., & Jain, S. M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74926-2_1 · Cited by 6
Quality Evaluation of Perilla Seed Gangjung added with Mealworm Powder
Lee, S., Han, J., & Kim, A. (2019) · Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology · doi:10.20402/ajbc.2019.0278 · Cited by 6
Characterizing food prices in IndiaPreprint
Rahman, A. (2012) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 6
Energy Compensation for Crop Growth under Plastic Mulching: Theories, Models, and Limitations
Ding, D., Li, T., Wu, L., Zhang, X., Zhao, Y., Feng, H., Zhang, C., & Wendroth, O. (2024) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy14051005 · Cited by 6
Kim, S. Y., Kwak, K., Kang, G., Oh, Y.-S., Yoon, H. J., Kim, Y.-S., Park, K., Kim, E., & Kim, S. (2021) · Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.5.437 · Cited by 5
Plant Breeding: Its Evolution and Recent Trends
Tiwari, A., Tikoo, S. K., Angadi, S. P., Kadaru, S. B., Ajanahalli, S. R., & Rao, M. J. V. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-5434-4_1 · Cited by 5
Public agricultural research, political economy, and climate change: A literature review
Miao, R., Ulucak, R., & Zilberman, D. (2024) · Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy · doi:10.1002/aepp.13455 · Cited by 6
The State of Agri-Food Systems and Agri-Food Value Chains in 2020
Barrett, C. B., Benton, T. G., Fanzo, J., Herrero, M., Nelson, R., Bageant, E., Buckler, E. S., Cooper, K., Culotta, I., Fan, S., et al. (2022) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88802-2_2 · Cited by 6
Mahto, H., & Mahato, D. (2025) · Sustainable landscape planning and natural resources management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75937-6_12 · Cited by 7
Lotze‐Campen, H., von Witzke, H., Noleppa, S., & Schwarz, G. (2015) · Agricultural Systems · doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2015.02.005 · Cited by 5
Green Growth Strategies in Agriculture in OECD Countries
Legg, W. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40790-6_3 · Cited by 5
Changes in the geography of Brazilian diet diversity
Mores, G. D. V., Talamini, E., & Dewes, H. (2017) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-05-2016-0208 · Cited by 6
Niles, M. T., Ferdinand, T., Choularton, R., & Carter, R. H. (2020) · doi:10.46830/wriwp.18.00094 · Cited by 6
Farm Efficiency and Productivity Growth: The Effect of Commodity Prices
Canales, E., Bergtold, J. S., & Featherstone, A. M. (2021) · Journal of Applied Farm Economics · doi:10.7771/2331-9151.1053 · Cited by 5
Economics of agricultural biotechnology
Zilberman, D., Wesseler, J., Schmitz, A., & Gordon, B. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315623351-36 · Cited by 5
Implementing endogenous technological change in a global land-use modelPreprint
Schmitz, C., Dietrich, J. P., Lotze‐Campen, H., Müller, C., & Popp, A. (2010) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 5
Resistance genes in global crop breeding networksPreprint
Garrett, K. A., Andersen, K. F., Asche, F., Bowden, R. L., Forbes, G. A., Kulakow, P., & Zhou, B. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/106484 · Cited by 5
Younas, A., Riaz, N., Rashid, M., Fiaz, S., Tufail, A., Noreen, Z., Aslam, M., Khan, M. U., & Tabassum, M. (2025) · doi:10.1002/9781394273270.ch22 · Cited by 5
Extreme Weather Events and Agricultural Total Factor Productivity Growth
Zhang, W. (2025) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.1002/soej.70011 · Cited by 4
Adaptation cannot keep pace with projected temperature increase
Chen, S., Tan‐Soo, J., & Ye, H.-J. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.108403 · Cited by 4
China's Black Soil Granary is approaching the climax phase of agricultural water security risk
Li, Z., Wu, Y., Zhang, G., Xu, Y. J., Ni, B., Hu, B., Sun, J., Zhang, Q., & Yu, Y. (2025) · Agricultural Water Management · doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109780 · Cited by 4
Faure, J., Gaba, S., Gautier, J., Leluc, A., & Bretagnolle, V. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02810-3 · Cited by 6
Perception and Selection Attributes of Edible Insects Intake in Adults in Daejeon and Chungnam Area
서지희, 전민선, 조영인, 박지연, & 전민지 (2018) · Culinary Science & Hospitality Research · doi:10.20878/cshr.2018.24.8.018 · Cited by 4
Physical and Biological Processes Controlling Soil C Dynamics
Srivastava, P., Singh, R., Bhadouria, R., Singh, P., Tripathi, S., Singh, H., Raghubanshi, A. S., & Mishra, P. K. (2018) · Sustainable agriculture reviews · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99076-7_6 · Cited by 4
Ang, F., & Ramsden, S. J. (2024) · Agribusiness · doi:10.1002/agr.21895 · Cited by 4
Diversity of European Farming Systems and Pathways to Sustainable Intensification
Meyer, R. (2014) · TATuP Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis · doi:10.14512/tatup.23.3.11 · Cited by 4
Pearson, S., Chudleigh, P. D., Simpson, S., & Schofield, N. (2012) · Research Evaluation · doi:10.1093/reseval/rvs008 · Cited by 4
Ye, L., Tang, H., & Ranst, É. V. (2015) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) · Cited by 4
Kwestia rolna od Aleksandra Czajanowa i Władysława Grabskiego po jej współczesne ujęcie
Czyżewski, A., & Kułyk, P. (2015) · Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych Seria G Ekonomika Rolnictwa · doi:10.22630/rnr.2015.102.1.2 · Cited by 4
Reassessing Public-Private Roles in Agricultural R&D for Economic DevelopmentPreprint
Pardey, P. G., & Pardey, P. G. (2009) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.125182 · Cited by 4
Self-citationInfluences of Agricultural Technology on the Size and Importance of Food Price VariabilityPreprint
Alston, J. M., Martin, W. J., & Pardey, P. G. (2014) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 4
Self-citationShah, W., & Chen, J. (2025) · GeoJournal · doi:10.1007/s10708-025-11454-x · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Alston, J. M., Beddow, J. M., & Pardey, P. G.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Alston, Julian M.
- Pardey, Philip G.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-09-04
- Volume
- 325
- Issue
- 5945
- Pages
- 1209-1210
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2076682775
- Cited by
- 428
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 106.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agricultural Economics and Practices
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Agricultural economics and policies
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
- Keywords
- agricultural research and development, agricultural productivity, food prices, long-run economic growth, food security, R&D investment
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Commerce, Developing Countries, Efficiency, Food, Food Supply, Research, Crops, Agricultural, Developed Countries
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review