The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Observing the Quantization of Zero Mass Carriers in Graphene
Abstract
Resolving Landau Levels in Graphene: The charge carriers in a two-dimensional conductor, when placed in a magnetic field, can develop an additional set of quantized energy levels. These Landau levels correspond to the carriers now moving in cyclotron orbits. In graphene, which consists of single-atom-thick sheets of graphite, an unusual set of Landau levels with nonequal energy spacing can develop in graphene layers that have undergone symmetry breaking caused by rotation between adjacent layers. Miller et al. (p. 924 ) used scanning tunneling microscopy at cryogenic temperatures to map out Landau levels in graphene grown on silicon carbide with high energy and momentum resolution, including the characteristic level in graphene that can occur at zero energy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene
Novoselov, K. S., Geim, A. K., Morozov, S. V., Jiang, D., Katsnelson, M. I., Grigorieva, I. V., Dubonos, S. V., & Firsov, A. A. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04233 · Cited by 21,611
Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene
Zhang, Y., Tan, Y.-W., Stormer, H. L., & Kim, P. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04235 · Cited by 13,435
Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene
Bolotin, K. I., Sikes, K. J., Jiang, Z., Klima, M., Fudenberg, G., Hone, J., Kim, P., & Stormer, H. L. (2008) · Solid State Communications · doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2008.02.024 · Cited by 8,057
Electronic Confinement and Coherence in Patterned Epitaxial Graphene
Berger, C., Song, Z., Li, X., Wu, X., Brown, N., Naud, C., Mayou, D., Li, T., Hass, J., Marchenkov, A. N., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1125925 · Cited by 5,535
Self-citationBerger, C., Song, Z., Li, T., Li, X., Ogbazghi, A. Y., Feng, R., Dai, Z., Marchenkov, A. N., Conrad, E. H., First, P. N., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp040650f · Cited by 3,548
Self-citationObservation of electron–hole puddles in graphene using a scanning single-electron transistor
Martin, J., Akerman, N., Ulbricht, G., Lohmann, T., Smet, J. H., von Klitzing, K., & Yacoby, A. (2008) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys781 · Cited by 1,566
Quasiparticle dynamics in graphene
Bostwick, A., Ohta, T., Seyller, T., Horn, K., & Rotenberg, E. (2007) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys477 · Cited by 1,160
de Heer, W. A., Berger, C., Wu, X., First, P. N., Conrad, E. H., Li, X., Li, T., Sprinkle, M., Hass, J., Sadowski, M. L., et al. (2007) · Solid State Communications · doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2007.04.023 · Cited by 876
Self-citationWhy Multilayer Graphene on4H−SiC(0001¯)Behaves Like a Single Sheet of Graphene
Hass, J., Varchon, F., Millán-Otoya, J. E., Sprinkle, M., Sharma, N., de Heer, W. A., Berger, C., First, P. N., Magaud, L., & Conrad, E. H. (2008) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.125504 · Cited by 814
Self-citationLandau-Level Splitting in Graphene in High Magnetic Fields
Zhang, Y., Jiang, Z., Small, J. P., Purewal, M. S., Tan, Y.-W., Fazlollahi, M., Chudow, J. D., Jaszczak, J. A., Stormer, H. L., & Kim, P. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.136806 · Cited by 777
Cited by
Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Two-Dimensional Materials Beyond Graphene
Butler, S. Z., Hollen, S. M., Cao, L., Cui, Y., Gupta, J. A., Gutiérrez, H. R., Heinz, T. F., Hong, S. S., Huang, J., Ismach, A. F., et al. (2013) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn400280c · Cited by 4,878
Interface-Assisted Synthesis of 2D Materials: Trend and Challenges
Dong, R., Zhang, T., & Feng, X. (2018) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00056 · Cited by 710
Vafek, O., & Vishwanath, A. (2014) · Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics · doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031113-133841 · Cited by 614
Towards a quantum resistance standard based on epitaxial graphene
Tzalenchuk, A., Lara-Avila, S., Kalaboukhov, A., Paolillo, S., Syväjärvi, M., Yakimova, R., Kazakova, O., Janssen, T. J. B. M., Fal'ko, V., & Kubatkin, S. (2010) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2009.474 · Cited by 486
de Heer, W. A., Berger, C., Ruan, M., Sprinkle, M., Li, X., Hu, Y., Zhang, B., Hankinson, J., & Conrad, E. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1105113108 · Cited by 470
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, D. L., Kubista, K. D., Rutter, G. M., Ruan, M., de Heer, W. A., First, P. N., & Stroscio, J. A.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-05-15
- Volume
- 324
- Issue
- 5929
- Pages
- 924-927
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2170484048
- Cited by
- 486
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 27.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Observing the Quantization of Zero Mass Carriers in Graphene. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1171810
- The paper
- Miller, D. L., Kubista, K. D., Rutter, G. M., Ruan, M., de Heer, W. A., First, P. N., & Stroscio, J. A. (2009). Observing the Quantization of Zero Mass Carriers in Graphene. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1171810
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.