The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Homoplasy: From Detecting Pattern to Determining Process and Mechanism of Evolution
Abstract
Understanding the diversification of phenotypes through time—“descent with modification”—has been the focus of evolutionary biology for 150 years. If, contrary to expectations, similarity evolves in unrelated taxa, researchers are guided to uncover the genetic and developmental mechanisms responsible. Similar phenotypes may be retained from common ancestry (homology), but a phylogenetic context may instead reveal that they are independently derived, due to convergence or parallel evolution, or less likely, that they experienced reversal. Such examples of homoplasy present opportunities to discover the foundations of morphological traits. A common underlying mechanism may exist, and components may have been redeployed in a way that produces the “same” phenotype. New, robust phylogenetic hypotheses and molecular, genomic, and developmental techniques enable integrated exploration of the mechanisms by which similarity arises.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
King, M.-C., & Wilson, A. C. (1975) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1090005 · Cited by 2,815
Adaptive Evolution of Pelvic Reduction in Sticklebacks by Recurrent Deletion of a Pitx1 Enhancer
Chan, Y. F., Marks, M. E., Jones, F. C., Villarreal, G., Shapiro, M. D., Brady, S. D., Southwick, A. M., Absher, D. M., Grimwood, J., Schmutz, J., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1182213 · Cited by 1,020
Deep homology and the origins of evolutionary novelty
Shubin, N., Tabin, C., & Carroll, S. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07891 · Cited by 842
Emerging properties of animal gene regulatory networks
Davidson, E. H. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09645 · Cited by 579
Cited by
Contingency and determinism in evolution: Replaying life’s tape
Blount, Z. D., Lenski, R. E., & Losos, J. B. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam5979 · Cited by 590
Bolnick, D. I., Barrett, R. D. H., Oke, K. B., Rennison, D. J., & Stuart, Y. E. (2018) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062240 · Cited by 328
The molecular basis of phenotypic convergence
Rosenblum, E. B., Parent, C. E., & Brandt, E. E. (2014) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091851 · Cited by 256
Evolution of central pattern generators and rhythmic behaviours
Katz, P. S. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0057 · Cited by 197
Lamichhaney, S., Card, D. C., Grayson, P., Tonini, J. F. R., Bravo, G. A., Näpflin, K., Termignoni-Garcia, F., Torres, C., Burbrink, F., Clarke, J. A., et al. (2019) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2018.0248 · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Wake, D. B., Wake, M. H., & Specht, C. D.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2011-02-25
- Volume
- 331
- Issue
- 6020
- Pages
- 1032-1035
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2007574989
- Cited by
- 431
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 41.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Homoplasy: From Detecting Pattern to Determining Process and Mechanism of Evolution. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1188545
- The paper
- Wake, D. B., Wake, M. H., & Specht, C. D. (2011). Homoplasy: From Detecting Pattern to Determining Process and Mechanism of Evolution. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1188545
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
