The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effectiveness of Early Educational Intervention
Abstract
Early educational intervention has been proposed to partially offset the impacts of poverty and inadequate learning environments on child development and school success. A broad range of early educational interventions are found to produce meaningful, lasting effects on cognitive, social, and schooling outcomes. However, all interventions are not equally effective. Two major U.S. programs perform relatively poorly. Research provides some guidance regarding the features of highly effective programs, but much remains to be learned. New experimental studies of key program features would have a high payoff.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For example, one random‐assignment study of Head Start, with children enrolled either at age three or age four, found that 13 of 22 effects on language, literacy, and math were significant, and of those that achieved significance, the average effect size was 0.18 SD (Barnett, 2011)”
From Montessori education's impact on academic and nonacademic outcomes: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Barnett, 2011
In the citing paper
“A recent review of the effects of early childhood educational programs indicates that programs with strong instructional components and those evaluated with strong study designs have large and enduring effects on the educational, social, and health outcomes of participants.”
From Education improves public health and promotes health equity (2015) · cites this paper as [44]
Citations
Cites
Preschool Program Improves Cognitive Control
Diamond, A., Barnett, W. S., Thomas, J., & Munro, S. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1151148 · Cited by 2,025
Self-citation(2005) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,313
Self-citationEngle, P. L., Black, M. M., Behrman, J. R., Cabral de Mello, M., Gertler, P. J., Kapiriri, L., Martorell, R., & Young, M. E. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60112-3 · Cited by 1,151
Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Early Education Interventions on Cognitive and Social Development
Camilli, G., Vargas, S., Ryan, S., & Barnett, W. (2010) · Teachers College Record · doi:10.1177/016146811011200303 · Cited by 854
Self-citationSweet, M. A., & Appelbaum, M. I. (2004) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00750.x · Cited by 821
How Experience Gets Under the Skin to Create Gradients in Developmental Health
Hertzman, C., & Boyce, T. (2010) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103538 · Cited by 757
Burger, K. (2009) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2009.11.001 · Cited by 711
Hair, E. C., Halle, T., Terry-Humen, E., Lavelle, B., & Calkins, J. (2006) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2006.09.005 · Cited by 596
Benefits of early childhood interventions across the world: (Under) Investing in the very young
Nores, M., & Barnett, W. S. (2009) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2009.09.001 · Cited by 584
Self-citationThe effect of pre-primary education on primary school performance
Berlinski, S., Galiani, S., & Gertler, P. (2008) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.09.002 · Cited by 555
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Ioannidis J. P. A., PLoS Med. 2, e1240696 (2005).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 635
In or Out of Sync: Federal Funding and Research in Early Childhood
Nguyen, H., & Jenkins, J. M. (2020) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/2332858420979568 · Cited by 3
“The focus on accountability has also influenced the policy and research agenda to improve teacher learning, with multiple states adopting quality standards in public preschools (Barnett, 2011; Whitebook et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDeveloping Intelligence through Instruction
Nickerson, R. S. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108770422.011 · Cited by 4
Perspectives on comprehensive internationalisation of higher education
Kaseke, N., Damiyano, D., Pillay, S., & Dorasamy, J. (2022) · doi:10.4102/aosis.2022.bk297 · Cited by 2
Feldman, I., Eurenius, E., Häggström, J., Sampaio, F., Lindkvist, M., Pulkki‐Brännström, A., & Ivarsson, A. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011202 · Cited by 3
“Taking a life course perspective on health and disease implies that health and economic gains will be larger the earlier in life effective health promotion actions are adopted.(40) However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no convincing scientific evidence for any universal complex intervention starting early in…”
BackgroundStrengthening Early Intervention for Very Preterm Infants
McCormick, M. C., & Litt, J. S. (2016) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2207 · Cited by 3
Narea, M. (2016) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.1431.3366 · Cited by 3
Pega, F. (2016) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwv312 · Cited by 2
“In the study by Hamad and Rehkopf (1), for example, the generosity of early childhood education interventions may be associated with the generosity of EITC, and they are associated with increased child development (37),making thempotential confounders.”
Information Asymmetries between Parents and Educators in German Childcare InstitutionsPreprint
Camehl, G. M., Schober, P. S., & Spieß, C. K. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3099372 · Cited by 3
Hasan, A., Jung, H., Kinnell, A., Maika, A., Nakajima, N., & Pradhan, M. (2019) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-9060 · Cited by 3
“High-quality preschool programs provide an opportunity to mitigate the risk factors that many young children face (Barnett, 2011; Duncan et al., 2007; Duncan and Magnuson, 2013; Heckman, 2006; Shonkoff and Phillips, 2000).”
Schmutz, R. (2023) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/2vjba · Cited by 3
Pedagogical Approaches for Meeting Gifted Students’ Needs: Literature Review
Alsuwailimi, M. S. (2024) · Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.14738/assrj.113.16628 · Cited by 2
PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' PRACTICUM IN GRADE R: INSIGHTS FROM SOUTH AFRICA
Msimango, W. N., Kok, E. C. A., Xulu, S. C. B., & Ajani, O. A. (2024) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Economy · doi:10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30092024/8239 · Cited by 2
de Abreu, P. E., Nikaedo, C. C., Loff, A., Snowling, M. J., Hulme, C., & Fricke, S. (2025) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1080/10888438.2025.2554672 · Cited by 2
“However, gains in receptive untaught vocabulary, narrative skills and letter knowledge diminished over time, a common phenomenon known as “fade out” (Bailey et al., 2020; Barnett, 2011; Rogde et al., 2016).”
Ullery, M. A., & Katz, L. F. (2017) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2017.1313120 · Cited by 2
Dlamini, P., & Sheik, A. (2019) · Reading & Writing · doi:10.4102/rw.v10i1.229 · Cited by 2
“Researchers affirm the view that exposure to an early childhood programme boosts the cognitive and social development of a learner, attributes that are needed for successful schooling (Barnett 2011; Castro et al. 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialProject Ready! An Early Language and Literacy Program to Close the Readiness Gap
Murdoch, A., Warburg, R., Corbo, E., & Strickler, W. (2021) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10573569.2021.1954570 · Cited by 2
“In contrast, without quality early intervention, the skill gap widens throughout the elementary school years (Barnett, 2011; Carta et al., 2019; Chernoff et al., 2007; Garcia et al., 2016; Greenwood et al., 1994).”
BackgroundSchool Readiness of Immigrant-Origin Children and Enriching Experiences
Lee, Y., Kim, K., & Yudron, M. (2022) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1080/10409289.2022.2159257 · Cited by 2
“This finding reflects a promising phenomenon termed the “catch-up” effect (Barnett, 2011).”
BackgroundNguyen, T., Hofkens, T. L., Pianta, R. C., Whittaker, J. V., Vitiello, V. E., & Ruzek, E. A. (2023) · Perspectives on early childhood psychology and education /Perspectives on early childhood psychology and education · doi:10.58948/2834-8257.1045 · Cited by 2
“In the past few decades, researchers and policymakers have primarily focused on children’s academic performance in efforts to narrow achievement gaps (Barnett, 2011; Coburn, Hill, & Spillane, 2016).”
BackgroundHerbaut, E., Farges, G., & Giret, J. (2024) · Oxford Review of Education · doi:10.1080/03054985.2024.2305474 · Cited by 2
“These positive effects also proved to be long-term, including on non-cognitive outcomes (Barnett, 2011).”
Faundez, L., & Kaestner, R. J. (2024) · Evaluation Review · doi:10.1177/0193841x241239512 · Cited by 3
Saçkes, M., & Trundle, K. C. (2024) · Journal of Childhood Education & Society · doi:10.37291/2717638x.202452375 · Cited by 2
“…impacts on various economic, societal, and child related outcomes, researchers and educators have suggested expansion of preschool education as a viable option to address these disparities (Barnett, 2011; Cebolla-Boado et al., 2017; Cortázar et al., 2020; Heckman, 2006; McCoy et al., 2017).”
BackgroundBarnett, W. S., & Jung, K. (2024) · International journal of child care and education policy/International journal of child care and education · doi:10.1186/s40723-024-00139-6 · Cited by 2
Self-citationFrom surviving to thriving: Increasing equitable discipline outcomes in preschool settings
Albritton, K., Cruz, K., & Burley, E. E. (2025) · Theory Into Practice · doi:10.1080/00405841.2025.2503306 · Cited by 2
“An extensive literature base documents positive short-and long-term benefits from participating in high-quality early childhood programs (e.g., Barnett, 2011; Yoshikawa et al., 2013).”
Heymann, P., Gonzalez, M., Natale, R., & Bagner, D. M. (2025) · Journal of Early Intervention · doi:10.1177/10538151251344569 · Cited by 2
Facts matter. And so do ideologies
Vandenbroeck, M. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429345494-1 · Cited by 2
What Do Early Childhood Programs Do? What Could They Do?
Bartik, T. J. (2012) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x11429624 · Cited by 2
McKeown, K. (2013) · Lenus, The Irish Health Repository (Dr Steevens Hospital Library) · Cited by 2
SCHOOL READINESS: DOES IT MATTER IF PARENTS AND CAREGIVERS THINK ALIKE?
Jigjidsuren, D. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/whcn-j716 · Cited by 2
Investing in the wellbeing of young people: making the economic case
McDaid, D., Park, A., Currie, C., & Zanotti, C. (2014) · Wiley-Blackwell eBooks · Cited by 2
Zachrisson, H. D., Dearing, E., Blömeke, S., & Moser, T. (2017) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781786432094.00020 · Cited by 2
Jenkins, J. M., Sabol, T. J., & Farkas, G. (2018) · Evaluation Review · doi:10.1177/0193841x18786591 · Cited by 2
“Early childhood education (ECE) offers a promising pathway for promoting school readiness for low-income children (Barnett, 2011; Heckman, 2006; Yoshikawa et al., 2013).”
BackgroundFederal Expenditures on Children: What Budget Policy Means for Children’s Policy and commentaries
Hahn, H. (2015) · Child Policy Nexus · doi:10.1002/j.2379-3988.2015.tb00082.x · Cited by 2
Vandenbroeck, M., Lancker, W. V., & Janssen, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73306-3_18 · Cited by 2
Salim, K. B., Kilmer, R. P., Cook, J. R., Armstrong, L. M., Gadaire, A. P., Simmons, C. J., Morris, V. G., Thiery, T. L., Babb, M. J., Day, P. W., et al. (2021) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22719 · Cited by 3
Mearns, C., Akearok, G. H., Cherba, M., & Nevin, L. (2021) · First Peoples Child & Family Review An Interdisciplinary Journal Honouring the Voices Perspectives and Knowledges of First Peoples · doi:10.7202/1080812ar · Cited by 2
Tonga, F. E., Ünal, Z. D., & Erden, F. T. (2022) · Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi dergisi/Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi dergisi · doi:10.33711/yyuefd.1114186 · Cited by 2
Toward Advancing African Scholarship through Afrocentric Leadership in Higher Education
Tshishonga, N. S., Mudau, T. S., & Mafukata, M. A. (2023) · Business, management and economics · doi:10.5772/intechopen.108459 · Cited by 2
Family Involvement in the Assessment and Instruction of Dual Language Learners
Czik, A., & Lewis, K. (2016) · Advances in early education and day care · doi:10.1108/s0270-402120160000020005 · Cited by 2
Potberg, C. A. (2014) · Cited by 2
How a Universal Music Education Program Affects Time Use, Behavior, and School AttitudePreprint
Hille, A. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2704329 · Cited by 2
“For example, the Perry Preschool Program has longlasting positive effects on non-cognitive skills (Heckman et al., 2013), in contrast to Head Start, a publicly funded program that covers all of the United States of America (e.g. Barnett, 2011).”
BackgroundA Cost-Benefit Analysis of Universal Preschool Education: Evidence from a Spanish ReformPreprint
van Huizen, T., Dumhs, E., & Plantenga, J. (2016) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 2
Classroom‐based Early Childhood Interventions
Jones, S. M., McCoy, D. C., & Hay, L. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118937334.ch11 · Cited by 2
Publicly Supported Early Care and Education Programs
Barnett, W. S., Votruba‐Drzal, E., Dearing, E., & Carolan, M. E. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118937334.ch8 · Cited by 5
Self-citationInformation Asymmetries between Parents and Educators in German Childcare InstitutionsPreprint
Camehl, G. F., Schober, P. S., & Spieß, C. K. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3056210 · Cited by 2
Lee, S., Lee, J.-H., & Jeong, Y. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3305481 · Cited by 2
Investing in early childhood care and education : the impact of quality on inequality
Bauchmüller, R. (2013) · doi:10.26481/dis.20130523rb · Cited by 2
Laaninen, M., Kulić, N., & Erola, J. (2022) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/2nr9w · Cited by 2
Environmental Awareness as Part of Early Childhood Education for Sustainability
Mliless, M., Larouz, M., & Azzouzi, L. (2024) · International explorations in outdoor and environmental education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-59910-1_1 · Cited by 4
Kutluca, A. Y. (2024) · Batı anadolu eğitim bilimleri dergisi · doi:10.51460/baebd.1455470 · Cited by 1
Using guided constructive play to enhance instructional support in 4-year-old preschool classes
Allard, É., Bouchard, C., & Richard, V. (2025) · Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/10901027.2025.2451225 · Cited by 3
“Studies have shown that attending preschool yields gains for 4-year-old children (e.g., Barnett, 2011; Gormley et al., 2008; Maltais et al., 2011).”
Öner, M. I., Çoşkun, Y. D., & Bülbül, İ. (2024) · Acta Didactica Napocensia · doi:10.24193/adn.17.2.11 · Cited by 1
McCormick, M., Hanno, E. C., Weiland, C., Wu, T., Pralica, M., Hsueh, J., Giles, A., Snow, C. E., & Sachs, J. (2025) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.14240 · Cited by 1
Theroux, B. M., Eggins, E., Paynter, J. M., Dawe, S., & Williams, K. E. (2025) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-025-00547-1 · Cited by 3
“Early intervention is widely supported (Cattan et al., 2024; Diamond, 2016; Jeong et al., 2021) with extensive evidence underscoring the importance of delivery of programs within school settings (Barnett, 2011; Camilli et al., 2010; Diamond, 2010; Grande et al., 2022; Pickerell et al., 2023).”
Opportunities, benefits and challenges of implementing preschool education in Ethiopia
Ashete, A., Berhanu, K. Z., & Kebede, Y. A. (2025) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2025.2580587 · Cited by 1
“Research shows that children who attend early childhood education (ECE) achieve more in school than their non-attending peers (Barnett, 2011; Chan & Ritchie, 2019).”
Meier-Faust, E., Schulze, A., Martin, Y., Daniel, A., & Bergann, S. (2025) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070251400510 · Cited by 1
“Background-related differences in academic achievement have been targeted using educational interventions for decades resulting in substantial short-term and smaller long-term effects on cognitive as well as noncognitive characteristics of children (Barnett, 2011).”
Fırat, Z. S. (2025) · Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17152/gefad.1743526 · Cited by 1
Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Preschool Mathematics Education with VOSviewer
İdil, F. H., & Yildirim, R. G. (2025) · Osmangazi Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.59409/ojer.1699691 · Cited by 1
Early Child Development Programs and Research in the United States
Nores, M., & Barnett, W. S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-531-19066-2_16 · Cited by 3
Self-citationCommunity Preventive Services Task Force (2014) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.12.002 · Cited by 1
Robinson, L. R., Perou, R., & Leeb, R. T. (2014) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-014-0266-z · Cited by 1
The development of children adopted following a socialemotional intervention in an institution
Julian, M. M. (2015) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1
Developing a Mathematically Rich Environment for 3-Year-Old Children: The Case of Geometry
Tsamir, P., Tirosh, D., Levenson, E. S., Barkai, R., & Tabach, M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23935-4_18 · Cited by 1
Directions for early childhood teacher education -Based on brain research-
배소연 (2014) · Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education · doi:10.18023/kjece.2014.34.4.015 · Cited by 1
Abenavoli, R. M., & Greenberg, M. T. (2016) · Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness · Cited by 1
Social Cybernetics of Team Performance Variability
Smith, T. J., Henning, R. A., Wade, M. G., & Fisher, T. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17319-12 · Cited by 1
Participation in Home Visitation is Associated with Higher Utilization of Early Intervention
Bowers, K. A., Folger, A. T., Zhang, N., Sa, T., Ehrhardt, J., Meinzen‐Derr, J. K., Goyal, N. K., Ginkel, J. B. V., & Ammerman, R. T. (2018) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-017-2415-8 · Cited by 1
Hasan, A., Jung, H., Kinnell, A., Maika, A., Nakajima, N., & Pradhan, M. (2021) · Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19345747.2020.1839989 · Cited by 1
“High-quality pre-primary programs provide an opportunity to mitigate the risk factors that many young children face (Barnett, 2011; Duncan et al., 2007; Duncan & Magnuson, 2013; Heckman, 2006; Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000).”
BackgroundSarrasin, J. B., Foisy, L. B., Auclair, A., Riopel, M., & Masson, S. (2020) · Neuroeducation · doi:10.24046/neuroed.20200601.24 · Cited by 1
Moran, K. K. (2020) · Urban Education · doi:10.1177/0042085920984817 · Cited by 2
“(Barnett, 2011; Gormley et al., 2008; Ramey et al., 2009; Wong et al., 2008) Among the participants in this study, neither those from two-income households (n = 12) nor those from single-income households (n = 21) could afford the quality of care provided by childcare centers without the TANF program.”
BackgroundGoldthorpe, J., Vaughan, M., Keyworth, C., Epton, T., Calam, R. M., & Armitage, C. J. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048683 · Cited by 1
Farris, T. M., Ross, D. E., Fontenot, B., Johnson, G., Uwayo, M., & Warrilow, G. D. (2017) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-2584-4.ch075 · Cited by 1
Bayly, B. L., Cooper, B. R., & Rhoades, K. A. (2022) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-022-09702-z · Cited by 3
“…is not atypical, as the effects of enriched preschool programming often diminish over time possibly due to “fade-out” effects where the influence of the program wears off or “catch-up” effects where those in the control group make positive gains after they enter kindergarten (see Barnett 2011).”
BackgroundFelhi, G., Roux, J. L., & Seddah, D. (2022) · Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.naacl-main.423 · Cited by 3
Moreira, D., & Santini, J. F. (2022) · Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea) eBooks · doi:10.38116/978-65-5635-032-5/capitulo4 · Cited by 1
Early Childhood Services as Inclusive Contexts. Opportunities to Support Families
Sannipoli, M. (2023) · Rivista Italiana di Educazione Familiare · doi:10.36253/rief-14515 · Cited by 1
Snider, K. A. (2023) · School-University Partnerships · doi:10.1108/sup-09-2023-0032 · Cited by 1
Expected and unexpected long‐term effects of values affirmation in school
Hadden, I. R., Harris, P. R., & Easterbrook, M. J. (2024) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12711 · Cited by 2
Cruz, K., & Albritton, K. (2024) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101354 · Cited by 1
Mahoney, J. L., & Haley-Mize, S. (2017) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-64113-030-120251025 · Cited by 1
Wege zu Familien in sozial benachteiligten Regionen
Stolzenberg, R., Berg, G., & Maschewsky-Schneider, U. (2013) · Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung · doi:10.1007/s11553-012-0382-x · Cited by 1
“Eine frühzeitige Intervention gilt inzwischen auch aus bildungsökonomischer Perspektive als vorteilhafte Investition zur Förderung von Kindern [1].”
BackgroundInfluentialEconomic Disparities: SPARK Ohio and Narrowing the Kindergarten Readiness Gap
Kenne, D. R., Fischbein, R. L., DeLuca, T. A., Bryant, J. A., Laurene, K. R., Mulvany, J. L., Leahy, P. J., & Banks, D. M. (2018) · Child Development Research · doi:10.1155/2018/4383792 · Cited by 2
Policies for early learning: Shaping pedagogy
Schleicher, A. (2019) · International Summit on the Teaching Profession · doi:10.1787/8c108e5c-en · Cited by 1
The Big Lift Descriptive Analyses: Progress Across Three Kindergarten Classes
Gomez, C. J., Whitaker, A. A., & Cannon, J. S. (2020) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rr3262 · Cited by 1
“Some studies show long-term effects of preschool on children’s outcomes (Barnett, 2011; Phillips et al., 2017; Yoshikawa et al., 2013), while other work suggests that children’s preschool gains can “fade out” over time as the children who did not attend preschool “catch up” to peers who did…”
BackgroundKindergarten Impacts of the Pennsylvania Pre-K Counts Program: A Statewide Evaluation.
Peisner-Feinberg, E. S., Hong, S. S., Yazejian, N., Zadrozny, S., & Burchinal, M. (2020) · Cited by 1
Howley, P., BILGIN, A. A. B., & Prieto, E. (2017) · IASE Satellite Conference · doi:10.52041/srap.17308 · Cited by 1
“Early intervention for improving access to university is crucial, particularly for low socio-economic status (SES) students (Tai, Qi, Maltese & Fan 2006; Barnett, 2011; Maltese & Tai, 2010).”
BackgroundBinford, L. A. (2015) · TopSCHOLAR (Western Kentucky University) · Cited by 1
Barnett, W. S. (2015) · Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0092 · Cited by 1
Self-citationQi, X. (2015) · Birkbeck Institutional Research Online (BiRO) - Theses · doi:10.18743/pub.00040152 · Cited by 1
Brinkman, S. A. (2012) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia) · Cited by 1
Hollins, A. K. (2016) · OpenBU (Boston University) · Cited by 1
Learning and plasticity in adolescence
Fuhrmann, D. (2017) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1
Schneider, B., Klager, C., & Young, L. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119362081.ch21 · Cited by 1
Do Preschools Add ‘Value’? Evidence on Achievement Gaps From Rural IndiaPreprint
Gupta, S. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3732511 · Cited by 1
“However, empirical evidence shows that one of the main benefits of early childhood education lies in nurturing of a child’s non-cognitive or socio-emotional skills (see Barnett, 1995, 2011, for a review).”
BackgroundFamily Support; International Trends
Latva, R., & Furmark, C. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.21817-8 · Cited by 1
The role of law and policy in the professional security of grade R educators
Rossouw, M. C. (2014)
Jha, N. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2464897
“There is a large body of evidence on the effect of interventions and policies targeted at early childhood development (see Barnett (2011) for a recent review).”
The Economic Gains to Colorado of Amendment 66Preprint
Strauss, J. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2327342
Metadata
- Authors
- Barnett, W. S.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barnett, W. S.
- ORCID
- Barnett, W. S.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2011-08-19
- Volume
- 333
- Issue
- 6045
- Pages
- 975-978
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2126455292
- Cited by
- 636
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 22.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Social Sciences › Development › Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Keywords
- early educational intervention, program effectiveness, child development, school success, poverty, learning environment, cognitive outcomes, social outcomes, program characteristics, early childhood education
- MeSH terms
- Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Educational Measurement, Humans, Infant, Intelligence, Social Behavior, United States, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Program Evaluation, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Early Intervention, Educational
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review