Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 434

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Transforming Growth Factor-β in Leishmanial Infection: a Parasite Escape Mechanism

Barral-Netto, Manoel, Barral, Aldina, Brownell, Cari E., Skeiky, Yasir A. W., Ellingsworth, Larry R., Twardzik, Daniel R., Reed, Steven G.·1992·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.1636092
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The course of infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania is determined in part by their early replication in macrophages, the exclusive host cells for these organisms. Although factors contributing to the survival of Leishmania are not well understood, cytokines influence the course of infection. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multipotential cytokine with diverse effects on cells of the immune system, including down-regulation of certain macrophage functions. Leishmanial infection induced the production of active TGF-β, both in vitro and in vivo. TGF-β was important for determining in vivo susceptibility to experimental leishmanial infection.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1636092

Cites

17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 17 references

Cited by

See all 434

Metadata

Authors
Barral-Netto, M., Barral, A., Brownell, C. E., Skeiky, Y. A. W., Ellingsworth, L. R., Twardzik, D. R., & Reed, S. G.
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
1992-07-24
Volume
257
Issue
5069
Pages
545-548
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.1636092
OpenAlex
W2079140747
Cited by
434
References
17
FWCI
35.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Transforming Growth Factor-β in Leishmanial Infection: a Parasite Escape Mechanism. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1636092
The paper
Barral-Netto, M., Barral, A., Brownell, C. E., Skeiky, Y. A. W., Ellingsworth, L. R., Twardzik, D. R., & Reed, S. G. (1992). Transforming Growth Factor-β in Leishmanial Infection: a Parasite Escape Mechanism. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1636092

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.