Cited by 238Social and Intergroup PsychologyNames, Identity, and Discrimination ResearchOpinion Dynamics and Social Influence

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Discussion Effects on Racial Attitudes

Myers, David G., Bishop, George D.·1970·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.169.3947.778

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We predicted that discussion would enhance dominant group values, leading to increased polarization between homogeneously composed groups of high-, medium-, and low-prejudice high school subjects. In an experimental condition, group members made individual attitude judgments, discussed them, and remade judgments. Control groups discussed irrelevant materials before responding again to the attitude items. As predicted, discussion of the racial attitude items with others having similar attitudes significantly increased the gap between high- and low-prejudice groups.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.169.3947.778

Cites

10 of 10 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The acquaintance process.
Newcomb, T. M. (1961) · doi:10.1037/13156-000 · Cited by 1,728
The group as a polarizer of attitudes.
Moscovici, S., & Zavalloni, M. (1969) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027568 · Cited by 1,038
Attitudes and Attraction
Byrne, D. (1969) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60076-3 · Cited by 609
Risky and cautious shifts in group decisions: The influence of widely held values
Stoner, J. A. F. (1968) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(68)90069-3 · Cited by 458
Components of group risk taking
Teger, A. I., & Pruitt, D. G. (1967) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(67)90022-4 · Cited by 215
Test of the "risk is a value" hypothesis.
Levinger, G., & Schneider, D. J. (1969) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0026966 · Cited by 163
Dimensions of verbal racial attitudes: Their identification and measurement.
Woodmansee, J. J., & Cook, S. W. (1967) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025078 · Cited by 130
Group composition and the risky shift
Vidmar, N. J. (1970) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(70)90083-1 · Cited by 65
Effects of Norm-oriented Group Discussion on Individual Verbal Risk Taking and Conservatism
Alker, H., & Kogan, N. (1968) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872676802100407 · Cited by 20
Responsibility diffusion and drive enhancement effects on risky shift1
Myers, D. G., Murdoch, P., & Smith, G. F. (1970) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00019.x · Cited by 12
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 10 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

ALKER, H.A., HUMAN RELATIONS 21: 393 (1969).
Kogan, N., New Directions in Psychology 3: 111 (1967).
Lewin, K., Readings in Social Psychology: 197 (1958).
McGuire, W. J., Handbook of Social Psychology 3: 261 (1969).

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 238

The Mediating Role of Family and Cultural Food Beliefs on the Relationship between Family Communication Patterns and Diet and Health Issues across Racial/Ethnic Groups
Hall, E. D., Ma, M., Azimova, D., Campbell, N., Ellithorpe, M. E., Plasencia, J., Chávez, M., Zeldes, G. A., Takahashi, B., Bleakley, A., et al. (2020) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2020.1733213 · Cited by 18
Dense and influential core promotion of daily viral information spread in political echo chambers
Asatani, K., Yamano, H., Sakaki, T., & Sakata, I. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86750-w · Cited by 18
Risky Shift and Gender of the Advocate: Information Theory versus Normative Theory
DiBerardinis, J., Ramage, K., & Levitt, S. (1984) · Group & Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/105960118400900204 · Cited by 18
The Dark Side of Morality: Group Polarization and Moral Epistemology
Arvan, M. (2019) · The Philosophical Forum · doi:10.1111/phil.12213 · Cited by 19
Politics and Prejudice: How Political Discussion With Peers Is Related to Attitudes About Immigrants During Adolescence
Bohman, A., Hjerm, M., & Eger, M. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2019.00070 · Cited by 20
The Discovery of Group Polarization
Moscovici, S. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2860-8_5 · Cited by 18
The “Psycho-Logic” of Fear-Reduction and Crime-Prevention Programs
Rosenbaum, D. P., & Heath, L. (1990) · Social psychological applications to social issues · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2094-2_10 · Cited by 17
The Process of Political Decision-Making in Groups
Kirkpatrick, S. A., Davis, D. F., & Robertson, R. D. (1976) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/000276427602000104 · Cited by 17
New directions in HIV prevention among drug users settings, norms, and network approaches to AIDS prevention (SNNAAP): A social influence approach
Latkin, C. A., & Knowlton, A. R. (2005) · Advances in medical sociology · doi:10.1016/s1057-6290(00)80013-3 · Cited by 17
Career Self-Interest and Concern for Others—The Effects of Co-Worker Attitudes on Fraudulent Behavior
Collins, F. C. (2006) · Accounting and the Public Interest · doi:10.2308/api.2006.6.1.95 · Cited by 16
Evidence of political moderation over time: Utah’s immigration debate online
Harris, B. D., Morgan, C. V., & Gibbs, B. G. (2013) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444813504262 · Cited by 15
The risky shift as a general choice shift.
Schrøeder, H. E. (1973) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0034781 · Cited by 16
Polarization and moderation of person perception judgements as a function of group interaction style
Forgas, J. P. (1977) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420070206 · Cited by 15
The Psychology of Groups
Forsyth, D. R. (2014) · Cited by 13
Consensus Opinion Model in Online Social Networks Based on Influential Users
Mohammadinejad, A., Farahbakhsh, R., & Crespi, N. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2894954 · Cited by 12
The Plaintiff Bias in Mock Civil Jury Decision Making: Consensus Requirements, Information Format and Amount of Consensus
Hulbert, L. G., Parks, C. D., Chen, X.-P., Nam, K., & Davis, J. H. (1999) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430299021005 · Cited by 12
Psychological Science Meets a Gullible Post-Truth World
Myers, D. G. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429203787-5 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
A structural analysis of risky‐shift and cautious‐shift discussions: The diffusion‐of‐responsibility theory
Cline, R. J. W., & Cline, T. R. (1980) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463378009369379 · Cited by 10
Group reactions to dishonesty
Keck, S. (2014) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.12.006 · Cited by 10
Group-Induced Extremization: Review of Evidence and a Minority-Change Explanation
Lamm, H., Trommsdorff, G., & Rost‐Schaude, E. (1973) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1973.33.2.471 · Cited by 10
Mob Violence: Cultural–Societal Sources, Instigators, Group Processes, and Participants
Rosenthal, L. H. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511615795.032 · Cited by 10
Tensiones y explicaciones en psicología social experimental
Doise, W. (1983) · Revista Mexicana de Sociología · doi:10.2307/3540264 · Cited by 12
Islamic State’s Propaganda and Social Media
Wakeford, L. J., & Smith, L. G. E. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190932459.003.0006 · Cited by 13
Nuclear aberrations and loss of synaptonemal complexes in response to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites
Goldstein, P. (1986) · Mutation Research Letters · doi:10.1016/0165-7992(86)90098-9 · Cited by 10
The Effects of Competition and Cooperation on Level of Prejudice
Silverthorne, C. P., Chelune, G. J., & Imada, A. S. (1974) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.1974.9923109 · Cited by 10
Allport's “Living Inkblots”: The Role of Defensive Projection in Stereotyping and Prejudice
Newman, L. S., & Caldwell, T. L. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470773963.ch23 · Cited by 10
Attitude polarization, familiarization and group process
Paicheler, G., & Bouchet, J. (1973) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420030107 · Cited by 10
Extremism and Social LearningPreprint
Glaeser, E. L., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1080245 · Cited by 10
Роль социальных медиа в формировании регионального экологического протеста в России
Klimova, A., Куликов, С., & Чмель, К. Ш. (2021) · Monitoring obŝestvennogo mneniâ: èkonomičeskie i socialʹnye peremeny · doi:10.14515/monitoring.2021.6.2024 · Cited by 13
Cracks before the crisis: Polarization prior to COVID‐19 predicts increased collective angst and economic pessimism
Crimston, C. R., Selvanathan, H. P., Álvarez, B., Jetten, J., Bentley, S. V., Casara, B. G. S., Ionescu, O., Krug, H., Steffens, N. K., Tanjitpiyanond, P., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2845 · Cited by 11
Effect of group discussion on universalistic-particularistic orientation
Horne, W. C., & Long, G. T. (1972) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(72)80004-0 · Cited by 9
Effects of group discussion on category width judgments.
Vidmar, N. J. (1974) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0036011 · Cited by 9
Alleviating negative group polarization with the aid of social bots
Wu, Y., Li, W., Li, Y., Chen, Q., Liu, M., & Li, Y. (2024) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2024.129804 · Cited by 8
The effect of discussion on polarization of judgments
Isozaki, M. (1984) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.26.187 · Cited by 8
Teaching AI awareness in middle school classrooms: Design, implementation and evaluation of two education modules on algorithmic bias and filter bubbles
Iqbal, M., Singh, K., Khan, S., Osho, O., Sidnam-Mauch, E., Bannister, N. A., Caine, K. E., & Knijnenburg, B. P. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100425 · Cited by 14
Teaching bystander action: forming identities that promote opposition to prejudice towards Muslim people
Thomas, E. F., Clark, A. J., & Pedersen, A. (2020) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-020-09553-3 · Cited by 7
Caught in a social crossfire: Exploring the social forces behind and experience of ambivalence about potential social change
Ton, G. M., Stroebe, K. E., & van Zomeren, M. (2021) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2821 · Cited by 7
Interpersonal discussions and immigration attitudes
Kalogeropoulos, A., & Hopmann, D. N. (2018) · Communications · doi:10.1515/commun-2018-2007 · Cited by 8
Is a Team Different from the Sum of its Parts? Evidence from Mutual Fund Managers
Baer, M., Kempf, A., & Ruenzi, S. (2010) · European Finance Review · doi:10.1093/rof/rfq014 · Cited by 37
Access to juries: Some puzzles regarding race and jury participation
Rose, M. R. (2009) · Sociology of crime, law and deviance · doi:10.1108/s1521-6136(2009)0000012009 · Cited by 7
Small-group polarization of judgments
Andrews, I. R., & Johnson, D. L. (1971) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03335563 · Cited by 7
The role of values in the choice shift
Pruitt, D. G., & Cosentino, C. J. (1975) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(75)90012-8 · Cited by 7
Effects of group size and item type in the "group shift" effect.
Vidmar, N. J., & Burdeny, T. C. (1971) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/h0082282 · Cited by 7
Opinion-based groups and the restoration of civil society
McGarty, C., Lala, G., & Thomas, E. F. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118347683.ch15 · Cited by 6
Effects of Polling Order on Social Influence in Decision-Making Groups
Carlston, D. E. (1977) · Sociometry · doi:10.2307/3033514 · Cited by 6
On the Decision-Relevance of Subjective BeliefsPreprint
Yang, J. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4425080 · Cited by 6
“Fight like hell”: Projected moral polarisation predicts anticipated conflict and the perceived responsibility to overturn an election loss
Crimston, C. R., Jetten, J., & Selvanathan, H. P. (2024) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/13684302231223896 · Cited by 5
Is classroom political discussion able to reduce anti‐immigrant attitudes in adolescents? Testing the effect of frequency, length, and topic of classroom political discussions on anti‐immigrant attitudes
Kudrnáč, A. (2021) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12851 · Cited by 5
The diversity puzzle
Mäs, M. (2010) · Cited by 5
Dyads experience over confidence in hand‐eye coordination skills after placebo alcohol
Frings, D., Albery, I. P., Rolph, K., Leczfalvy, A., Smaczny, S., & Moss, A. C. (2016) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12418 · Cited by 5
A Cluster Analytic Critique of the Multifactor Racial Attitude Inventory
Gray, D. B., & Revelle, W. (1972) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03394067 · Cited by 5
Managerial structure in the hedge fund industry
Chen, Y., Kuang, H., & Liang, B. (2024) · Journal of Financial Intermediation · doi:10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101089 · Cited by 4
Beatlemania
Sunstein, C. R. (2022) · The Journal of Beatles Studies · doi:10.3828/jbs.2022.6 · Cited by 4
“Recipe for a Jury” Revisited: A Balance Theory Prediction
Fischoff, S. P. (1979) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1979.tb00808.x · Cited by 4
How do implicit effects of subliminal mere exposure become explicit? Mediating effects of social interaction
Kawakami, N., & Yoshida, F. (2014) · Social Influence · doi:10.1080/15534510.2014.901245 · Cited by 4
Peer Influence Among College Students: the Perils and the PotentialsPreprint
Goethals, G. R. (1999) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 4
Influence and Persuasion in Small GroupsPreprint
Nemeth, C. J., & Goncalo, J. A. (2004) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 4
The Bite Mark Dentists and the Counterattack on Forensic Science ReformPreprint
Zalman, M., & Windell, J. O. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3585255 · Cited by 4
Dynamics of coupled implicit and explicit opinions
Zhang, Q., Wang, L., & Wang, X. (2024) · Automatica · doi:10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111694 · Cited by 3
A primer on politicization, polarization, radicalization, and activation and their implications for democracy in times of rapid technological change
Smith, L. G. E., & Thomas, E. F. (2025) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12903 · Cited by 3
The discovery that discussion tends to enhance the average prediscussion tendency has stimulated new insights about the nature of group influence
Lamm, H. (2016) · Cited by 4
OPIU: Opinion Propagation in Online Social Networks Using Influential Users Impact
Mohammadinejad, A., Farahbakhsh, R., & Crespi, N. (2018) · International Conference on Communications · doi:10.1109/icc.2018.8422118 · Cited by 3
Archimedean Metanorms
Carter, J. A. (2018) · Topoi · doi:10.1007/s11245-018-9586-9 · Cited by 4
Group decision-making and leadership: An experimental examination in an executive compensation scenario
FLEMING, A. (2008) · Advances in management accounting · doi:10.1016/s1474-7871(08)17004-6 · Cited by 3
The P erils of Voice and the Desire for Stealth Democracy
Theiss‐Morse, E. (2002) · DigitalCommons (California Polytechnic State University) · Cited by 3
Secrets and Social Influence
Cowan, S. K. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 3
Group Influences on Probability Judgments concerning Social and Political Change
Lamm, H., & Trommsdorff, G. (1974) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1974.35.2.987 · Cited by 3
Extremism and Social Learning
Glaeser, E. L., & Sunstein, C. R. (2007) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w13687 · Cited by 3
Moral education and the psychology of moral discourse
Heinzelmann, N. C. (2025) · Journal of Moral Education · doi:10.1080/03057240.2025.2453687 · Cited by 4
Co-Evolution of Dual Opinions Under Asynchronous Updating
Zhang, Q., Wang, L., Wang, X., & Chen, G. (2023) · IEEE Control Systems Letters · doi:10.1109/lcsys.2023.3288570 · Cited by 2
Towards an effective negotiation modeling: Investigating transboundary disputes with cases of lower possibilities
Chang, V. I. C., Liu, B. S., Sudharshan, D., & Xu, Q. A. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120491 · Cited by 2
Sustaining Individual Motivation in High-Demand Team Environments
Driskell, J. E., & Salas, E. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-849867-5.00006-9 · Cited by 2
Beyond Emotional Similarity: The Role of Situation-Specific MotivesPreprint
Goldenberg, A., García, D., Halperin, E., Zaki, J., Zhang, D., Golarai, G., & Gross, J. J. (2018) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/u3tbv · Cited by 6
When Politics Gets Personal: Students’ Conversational Strategies as Everyday Identity Work
Zschau, T., Lee, H., & Miller, J. (2025) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.3390/bs15060835 · Cited by 3
The social construction of performance judgements: Do opinions of others influence how citizens evaluate government?
Mrchkovska, N., Andreeva, A., & Willems, J. (2025) · International Public Management Journal · doi:10.1080/10967494.2025.2571613 · Cited by 1
The Influence of Group Psychology on Network Cluster Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model
Ni, J., Xiong, Z., & Wu, M. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16030465 · Cited by 1
Examining the, Ideological, Sociopolitical, and Contextual Factors Underlying the Appeal of Extremism
Williams, G.-R., Bernard, M. L., & Jeffers, R. (2016) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41636-6_25 · Cited by 1
Efecto de las Creencias Esencialistas en las Estrategias de Consenso Intra-Grupal
Goic, C. A. E., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2017) · Psykhe (Santiago) · doi:10.7764/psykhe.26.1.664 · Cited by 2
What Does Democracy Look Like?
Talisse, R. B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197752197.003.0002 · Cited by 1
Eficacia de las medidas políticas e índices internacionales de criminalidad: el caso de la República de Ecuador
Vílchez, J. L., & Andrade, R. M. B. (2020) · Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas · doi:10.24965/gapp.i23.10754 · Cited by 1
The Polarization Dynamic
Talisse, R. B. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197556450.003.0004 · Cited by 1
Giving Voice to Values: How to Speak Your Mind When You Know What's RightGiving Voice to Values: How to Speak Your Mind When You Know What's Right, by GentileMary C.. 2010. New Haven, CT and London, UK: Yale University Press. 273 pages, hard cover.
Smith, L. G. E. (2011) · Academy of Management Learning and Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2011.0514 · Cited by 1
Integrating Computational Modeling and Experiments: Toward a More Unified Theory of Social Influence
Gabbay, M. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119485001.ch13 · Cited by 1
Peer Context Influences on School Motivation: A Naturalistic Observation of Peer and Teacher Contingencies Following On-and Off-Task Behavior in a Fifth Grade Classroom
Sage, N. A. (1997) · doi:10.15760/etd.7612 · Cited by 1
Managerial Structure in the Hedge Fund IndustryPreprint
Liang, B., Kuang, H., & Chen, Y. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4594809 · Cited by 1
A STUDY OF EXAMINING THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS OF GROUP POLARIZATION EFFECT UNDER A SMALL GROUP DECISION SITUATION
Chen, C., Gustafson, D. H., & Lee, Y.-D. (2001) · Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers · doi:10.1080/10170660109509506
¿Por qué deliberar?: desafíos para un modelo epistémico de legitimidad democrática
Alonso, R. G. (2013) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Person Perception and Jurors’ Reactions to Defendants
Izzett, R. R., & Sales, B. D. (1981) · Perspectives in law & psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3767-6_6
Caring is sharing: The effects of news consumption via selfcurated Facebook feeds
Hedenquist, J., & Karlström, M. V. G. (2016) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Modelle sozialer Beeinflussung
Mäs, M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-01164-2_34
An Extension of the Risk-Shift Phenomenon to Achievement and Affiliation Concerns
Kilmann, R. H. (1974) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1974.35.2.845
Group-Induced Decision Polarization: Further Generalizations
Foster, D., & Finchilescu, G. (1985) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/008124638501500201
Mass assemblies and vulnerability to disasters: the case of selected churches in Nairobi
Kimaru, J. W. (2015)
The Case of Defendant Characteristics
Weitent, W., & Diamond, S. S. (1979)
Peer interaction influence on decision-making in ten-year-old children
Jošić, S. M., Budjevac, N., & Baucal, A. (2012) · Psiholoska istrazivanja · doi:10.5937/psistra1202185j
A Critical Review of the Jury Paradigm Simulation
Weitent, W., & Seidman, S. (1979)
Examining How Perception of External Threat Influences the Popularity of Government Leaders
Bernard, M. L., & Naugle, A. (2017) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60747-4_13
An experimental investigation of the secretary problem : factors affecting sequential search behaviour.
Hsiao, Y. C. (2018) · Figshare · doi:10.25949/19439873
The Problem of Polarization
Talisse, R. B. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190924195.003.0005
Democracy’s Expanding Reach
Talisse, R. B. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190924195.003.0003

Authors: Myers, D. G., & Bishop, G. D.
Affiliations: Hope College (US)
ORCID: Myers, David G.
Bishop, George D.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1970-08-21
Volume: 169
Issue: 3947
Pages: 778-779
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.169.3947.778
OpenAlex: W2078564580
Cited by: 238
References: 10
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 97.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence
Keywords: racial attitudes, group polarization, prejudice, attitude change, high school students
MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance, Attitude, Group Processes, Prejudice, Psychology, Social, Surveys and Questionnaires, Race Relations, Social Dominance, Social Values, Sociometric Techniques, Students

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Discussion Effects on Racial Attitudes

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks