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Embodied Energy and Economic Valuation
Abstract
Input-output analysis has been adapted to calculate the total (direct plus indirect) energy required to produce goods and services in the U.S. economy; this quantity has been termed the embodied energy. Usually, the energy required to produce labor and government services and the solar energy input to the economy are ignored by analysts. The former omission can be traced to the assumption that traditional primary factors of economic production—land, labor, and capital—are independent. A strong case can be made that these input factors are not independent and that energy is required for their production. Embodied energies can be calculated in this case by using input-output data. The results of such an analysis show that there is a strong relation between embodied energy and dollar value for a 92-sector U.S. economy if the energy required to produce labor and government services is included.
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Cited by
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COSTANZA, R., & DALY, H. E. (1992) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.610037.x · Cited by 1,645
Self-citationThe Role of Energy in Economic Growth
Stern, D. I. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05921.x · Cited by 617
Goals, Agenda, and Policy Recommendations for Ecological Economics
Costanza, R. (1997) · Frontiers in Ecological Economics · doi:10.4337/9781035303427.00011 · Cited by 332
Self-citationThe ecology of delta marshes of coastal Louisiana : a community profile
Gosselink, J. G., & National Coastal Ecosystems Team (U.S.) (1984) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.4037 · Cited by 163
Role of Motor Vehicle Lifetime Extension in Climate Change Policy
Kagawa, S., Nansai, K., Kondo, Y., Hubacek, K., Suh, S., Minx, J., Kudoh, Y., Tasaki, T., & Nakamura, S. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es1034552 · Cited by 83
Metadata
- Authors
- Costanza, R.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1980-12-12
- Volume
- 210
- Issue
- 4475
- Pages
- 1219-1224
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2023258220
- Cited by
- 662
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 18.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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