Permo-Triassic Boundary Superanoxia and Stratified Superocean: Records from Lost Deep Sea
Abstract
Pelagic cherts of Japan and British Columbia, Canada, recorded a long-term and worldwide deep-sea anoxic (oxygen-depleted) event across the Permo-Triassic (or Paleozoic and Mesozoic) boundary (251 ± 2 million years ago). The symmetry in lithostratigraphy and redox condition of the boundary sections suggest that the superocean Panthalassa became totally stratified for nearly 20 million years across the boundary. The timing of onset, climax, and termination of the oceanic stratification correspond to global biotic events including the end-Guadalupian decline, the end-Permian extinction, and mid-Triassic recovery.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The end-Permian event is the most extreme of these events, with anoxic conditions estimated to have covered ∼30% of global seafloor area and with anoxic conditions observed even in open-ocean pelagic localities.
“The end-Permian is the most extreme of these events, with anoxic conditions estimated to have covered ∼30% of global seafloor area, and with anoxic conditions observed even in open-ocean pelagic localities (Isozaki 1997).”
From The History of Ocean Oxygenation (2022) · cites this paper as Isozaki 1997
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Evolution of Modern Eukaryotic Phytoplankton
Falkowski, P. G., Katz, M. E., Knoll, A. H., Quigg, A., Raven, J. A., Schofield, O., & Taylor, F. J. R. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1095964 · Cited by 1,613 · see citing works
Penn, J. L., Deutsch, C., Payne, J. L., & Sperling, E. A. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat1327 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Marine anoxia and delayed Earth system recovery after the end-Permian extinction
Lau, K. V., Maher, K., Altiner, D., Kelley, B. M., Kump, L. R., Lehrmann, D. J., Silva-Tamayo, J. C., Weaver, K. L., Yu, M., & Payne, J. L. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1515080113 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Atmospheric Oxygen, Giant Paleozoic Insects and the Evolution of Aerial Locomotor Performance
Dudley, R. (1998) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.201.8.1043 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Biogeochemical controls on photic-zone euxinia during the end-Permian mass extinction
Meyer, K. M., Kump, L. R., & Ridgwell, A. (2008) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g24618a.1 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Methanogenic burst in the end-Permian carbon cycle
Rothman, D. H., Fournier, G. P., French, K. L., Alm, E. J., Boyle, E. A., Cao, C., & Summons, R. E. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1318106111 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Elrick, M., Polyak, V., Algeo, T. J., Romaniello, S., Asmerom, Y., Herrmann, A. D., Anbar, A. D., Zhao, L., & Chen, Z.-Q. (2017) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g38585.1 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Wright, K. E., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Wright, K. E., Adamala, K., Arina de la Rubia, L., Bond, J., Dartnell, L. R., Goldman, A. D., Lynch, K., et al. (2016) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1460 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“…eurypterids, acanthodian fish Volcanic activity: massive flood basalts (Siberian Traps), widespread hydrogen sulfide outgassing from stagnant oceans Isozaki, 1997; Knoll et al., 1996; Kump et al., 2005; Renne et al., 1995; Erwin, 2000; Cao et al., 2009 TriassicJurassic 205 million years…”
The History of Ocean Oxygenation
Reinhard, C. T., & Planavsky, N. J. (2022) · Annual Review of Marine Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-031721-104005 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Opening Pandora's Box: The impact of open system modeling on interpretations of anoxia
Hotinski, R. M., Kump, L. R., & Najjar, R. G. (2000) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1029/1999pa000408 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Egbobawaye, E. I. (2016) · International Journal of Geosciences · doi:10.4236/ijg.2016.712099 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Isozaki, Y.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Isozaki, Yukio
- ORCID
- Isozaki, Yukio
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1997-04-11
- Volume
- 276
- Issue
- 5310
- Pages
- 235-238
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2079115522
- Cited by
- 842
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 25.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Keywords
- Permian-Triassic boundary, Panthalassa, end-Permian mass extinction, redox conditions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
