Cited by 641Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics StudiesFire effects on ecosystemsSoil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics

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The Influence of Island Area on Ecosystem Properties

Wardle, David A., Zackrisson, Olle, Hörnberg, Greger, Gallet, Christiane·1997·Science

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Abstract

Island area is frequently a major determinant of the species composition of biological communities; community structure, in turn, often has important effects on ecosystem-level properties. Fifty islands of varying area were selected in an archipelago in the northern Swedish boreal forest zone, in which larger islands burn more frequently than smaller ones through wildfire arising from lightning strike, thus inducing a significant relationship between island area and plant species composition. This relationship was found to be a major factor in determining several ecosystem-level properties of these islands, including standing biomass, plant litter decomposition, nitrogen mineralization, terrestrial carbon partitioning, humus accumulation, and plant nitrogen acquisition.

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R. H. MacArthur and E. O. Wilson The Theory of Island Biogeography (Princeton Univ. Press Princeton NJ 1967);
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The trees on each island were searched for fire scars to determine how many fires had occurred on that island in the past 250 years; the time elapsed since each fire was determined by counting tree rings [O. Zackrisson Oikos 29 22 (1977)]. For five islands in each of the three area classes (<0.1 ha 0.1 to 1.0 ha and >1.0 ha) charcoal particles in the uppermost charcoal layer in the humus profile were sampled and the time since the last fire was determined by 14 C analyses of these particles at the Tandemlaboratory Uppsala Sweden [I. U. Olsson in Handbook of Palaeoecology and Palaeo-Hydrology B. E. Berglund Ed. (Wiley London 1986) pp. 272–310; S. Bouwman Radiocarbon Dating (British Museum Publications London 1990)]. We emphasize that the age of the charcoal we measured is not necessarily the same as the time of the most recent fire because charcoal from fires with low intensity is sometimes undetectable in humus profiles; fire-scar data on the largest islands indicated occurrence of fires that were obviously more recent than the uppermost charcoal we found.
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Authors: Wardle, D. A., Zackrisson, O., Hörnberg, G., & Gallet, C.
Affiliations: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE)
D. A. Wardle, O. Zackrisson, G. Hörnberg, Department of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
Corresponding author: Wardle, David A.
ORCID: Wardle, David A.
Gallet, Christiane
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1997-08-29
Volume: 277
Issue: 5330
Pages: 1296-1299
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5330.1296
OpenAlex: W2064079357
Cited by: 641
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 37.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Keywords: island size, species composition, community structure, ecosystem properties, plant litter decomposition, nitrogen mineralization, carbon allocation, humus accumulation, plant nitrogen acquisition, standing biomass

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The Influence of Island Area on Ecosystem Properties

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