Isotopic Evidence for a Terrestrial Source of Organic Compounds Found in Martian Meteorites Allan Hills 84001 and Elephant Moraine 79001
Abstract
Stepped-heating experiments on martian meteorites Allan Hills 84001 (ALH84001) and Elephant Moraine 79001 (EETA79001) revealed low-temperature (200 to 430 degrees Celsius) fractions with a carbon isotopic composition delta13C between -22 and -33 per mil and a carbon-14 content that is 40 to 60 percent of that of modern terrestrial carbon, consistent with a terrestrial origin for most of the organic material. Intermediate-temperature (400 to 600 degrees Celsius) carbonate-rich fractions of ALH84001 have delta13C of +32 to +40 per mil with a low carbon-14 content, consistent with an extraterrestrial origin, whereas some of the carbonate fraction of EETA79001 is terrestrial. In addition, ALH84001 contains a small preterrestrial carbon component of unknown origin that combusts at intermediate temperatures. This component is likely a residual acid-insoluble carbonate or a more refractory organic phase.
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Indigenous MMC, which may include PAHs, has been found within ALH 84001.
“Indigenous MMC, which may include PAHs, has been found within ALH 84001 (Becker et al. 1999;Clemett et al. 1998;Jull et al. 1998;McKay et al. 1996).”
From Comprehensive imaging and Raman spectroscopy of carbonate globules from Martian meteorite ALH 84001 and a terrestrial analogue from Svalbard (2007) · cites this paper as Jull et al. 1998
A significant portion of the organic carbon in ALH 84001 probably exists as a macromolecular phase.
“Therefore, a significant portion of the organic carbon in ALH 84001 probably exists as a macromolecular phase”
From Comprehensive imaging and Raman spectroscopy of carbonate globules from Martian meteorite ALH 84001 and a terrestrial analogue from Svalbard (2007) · cites this paper as Jull et al. 1998
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“…detected in martian meteorites (Wright et al. , 1989; McKay et al. , 1996) of which numerous sources have been proposed including contamination (Jull et al. , 1998; Stephan et al. , 2003), chondritic meteoritic input (Benner et al. , 2000), biology (McKay et al. , 1996), and various abiotic…”
Chemical markers for bacteria in extraterrestrial samples
Fox, A. (2002) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.10152 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Miller, M. F., Röckmann, T., & Wright, I. (2007) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.03.007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Accumulation mechanisms and the weathering of Antarctic equilibrated ordinary chondrites
Benoit, P., & Sears, D. (1999) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/1999je900015 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Looking Through Windows onto the Earliest History of Life on Earth and Mars
Wacey, D., McLoughlin, N., & Brasier, M. (2009) · Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8837-7_3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Mcdonald, G., & Storrie-Lombardi, M. (2006) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2006.6.17 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“) has been used to argue that ALH84001 contained evidence of fossil life on Mars (McKay et al ., 1996).”
InfluentialRetallack, G. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53802-4.00162-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“The organic compounds have isotopic composition (Jull et al., 1998) and racemization like Earthly contaminants (Bada et al.”
BackgroundThe influence of ALH 84001 on our understanding of the origin and evolution of Mars
Righter, K. (2024) · Meteoritics & Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.14289 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Other studies of C isotopes and amino acids (Bada et al., 1998; Becker et al., 1997, 1999; Jull et al., 1998) concluded that the PAHs are more likely terrestrial contamination due to the presence of L-amino acids and δ 13 C near (cid”
InfluentialCarbonaceous objects resembling nannobacteria in the Allende meteorite
Folk, R., & Lynch, F. (1998) · Optics & Photonics · doi:10.1117/12.319830 · Cited by 9
Jull, J. A. T., Lal, D., Burr, G., Bland, P., Bevan, A., & Beck, J. (2000) · Radiocarbon: An International Journal of Cosmogenic Isotope Research · doi:10.1017/s003382220005311x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Jull et al. (1998b) have discussed the terrestrial 14C ages of 95 meteorites collected from Antarctic blue ice fields by US scientists.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationOrganic matter and biomarkers: Why are samples required?
Sephton, M., Steele, A., Westall, F., & Schubotz, F. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.2404256121 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sliz, M., Hofmann, B., Leya, I., Szidat, S., Espic, C., Gattacceca, J., Braucher, R., Borschneck, D., & Gnos, E. (2022) · Meteoritics & Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.13922 · Cited by 8
Exobiology: It's life...isn't it?
Whitfield, J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/430288a · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Search for Biosignatures in Martian Meteorite Allan Hills 84001
McSween, H. (2018) · Biosignatures for Astrobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96175-0_8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Signatures of the Martian regolith components entrained in some impact‐melt glasses in shergottites
Rao, M.-N., Nyquist, L., Ross, D., Sutton, S. R., Hoppe, P., Shih, C.-Y., Wentworth, S., & Garrison, D. (2018) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.13177 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“In addition, these studies show that there is little terrestrial sulfate contamination (Jull et al. 1998) in the Lithology C samples, because Lithology A matrix material surrounding Lithology C pods did not release any SO2 on pyrolysis.”
BackgroundSterile robotic Mars soil analyzer
Levin, G., Miller, J. D., Straat, P., & Hoover, R. (2003) · SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation · doi:10.1117/12.457312 · Cited by 7
Kajitani, I., Koike, M., Nakada, R., Tanabe, G., Usui, T., Matsu'ura, F., Fukushi, K., & Yokoyama, T. (2023) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118345 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cosmogenic Nuclides in Antarctic Meteorites
Herzog, G., Caffee, M., & Jull, A. J. T. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118798478.ch9 · Cited by 6
Self-citationIdentification and analysis of carbon-bearing phases in the Martian meteorite Nakhla
Gibson, E. K., Mckay, D., Clemett, S., Thomas-Keprta, K., Wentworth, S., Robert, F., Verchovsky, A., Wright, I., Pillinger, C., Rice, T., et al. (2006) · SPIE Optics + Photonics · doi:10.1117/12.690503 · Cited by 6
Bacterial Biofilms in Astrobiology: The Importance of Life Detection
Toporski, J., Steele, A., Mckay, D., & Westall, F. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0193-8_31 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Trimble, V., & Aschwanden, M. J. (1999) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/316342 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jull, A. J. T., Courtney, C., Jeffrey, D. A., & Beck, J. W.
- Affiliations
- U.S. National Science Foundation (US)
- ORCID
- Beck, J. W.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1998-01-16
- Volume
- 279
- Issue
- 5349
- Pages
- 366-369
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1991009883
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Keywords
- Martian meteorites, ALH84001, organic compounds, terrestrial contamination, carbon isotopes, carbon-14, carbonates
- MeSH terms
- Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Isotopes, Carbon Radioisotopes, Carbonates, Hot Temperature, Organic Chemicals, Silicates, Mars, Meteoroids
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