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Isotopic Evidence for a Terrestrial Source of Organic Compounds Found in Martian Meteorites Allan Hills 84001 and Elephant Moraine 79001

Jull, A. J. T., Courtney, C., Jeffrey, D. A., Beck, J. W.·1998·Science

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Abstract

Stepped-heating experiments on martian meteorites Allan Hills 84001 (ALH84001) and Elephant Moraine 79001 (EETA79001) revealed low-temperature (200 to 430 degrees Celsius) fractions with a carbon isotopic composition delta13C between -22 and -33 per mil and a carbon-14 content that is 40 to 60 percent of that of modern terrestrial carbon, consistent with a terrestrial origin for most of the organic material. Intermediate-temperature (400 to 600 degrees Celsius) carbonate-rich fractions of ALH84001 have delta13C of +32 to +40 per mil with a low carbon-14 content, consistent with an extraterrestrial origin, whereas some of the carbonate fraction of EETA79001 is terrestrial. In addition, ALH84001 contains a small preterrestrial carbon component of unknown origin that combusts at intermediate temperatures. This component is likely a residual acid-insoluble carbonate or a more refractory organic phase.

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Search for Past Life on Mars: Possible Relic Biogenic Activity in Martian Meteorite ALH84001
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“Isotopic measurements of 14C content of ALH 84001 organic matter could be related to Antarctic terrestrial contamination [89].”
Background
Paleomagnetic evidence for a long-lived, potentially reversing martian dynamo at ~3.9 Ga
Steele, S. C., Fu, R., Volk, M., North, T., Brenner, A., Muxworthy, A., Collins, G., & Davison, T. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade9071 · Cited by 28
Kinetic model of carbonate dissolution in Martian meteorite ALH84001
Kopp, R. E., & Humayun, M. (2003) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(02)01114-6 · Cited by 27
Experimental constraints on the fractionation of 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratios due to adsorption of CO2 on mineral substrates at conditions relevant to the surface of Mars
Rahn, T., & Eiler, J. (2001) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00592-5 · Cited by 26
Magnetite biomineralization and ancient life on Mars
Frankel, R. B. (2000) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/s1367-5931(99)00072-1 · Cited by 25
Rapid Vegetational and Sediment Change from Rano Aroi Crater, Easter Island
Peteet, D., Beck, W., Ortiz, J., O'Connell, S., Kurdyla, D., & Mann, D. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0183-1_6 · Cited by 25
Prime candidate sites for astrobiological exploration through the hydrogeological history of Mars
Fairén, A., Dohm, J., Uceda, E. R., Rodriguez, A., Baker, V., Fernández-Remolar, D., Schulze-Makuch, D., & Amils, R. (2005) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2005.06.007 · Cited by 24
“, 2002; Barber and Scott, 2002) within carbonates in the interior of the martian meteorite ALH84001 has been recently used to argue for the possible paralleling biogeological evolution of early Earth and Mars, though the conclusions are disputed by a large number of investigators (e.g., Harvey and McSween, 1996; Jull…”
Background
Investigation of biological, chemical and physical processes on and in planetary surfaces by laboratory simulation
Sears, D., Benoit, P., McKeever, S., Banerjee, D., Kral, T., Stites, W., Roe, L., Jansma, P., & Mattioli, G. (2002) · doi:10.1016/s0032-0633(02)00056-9 · Cited by 24
No Martian soil component in shergottite meteorites
Barrat, J., Jambon, A., Ferrière, L., Bollinger, C., Langlade, J., Liorzou, C., Boudouma, O., & Fialin, M. (2014) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.09.033 · Cited by 23
Hosts of hydrogen in Allan Hills 84001: Evidence for hydrous martian salts in the oldest martian meteorite?
Eiler, J. M., Kitchen, N., Leshin, L., & Strausberg, M. J. (2002) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2002.tb00823.x · Cited by 22
Martian “microfossils” in lunar meteorites?
Sears, D. W. G., & Kral, T. (1998) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1998.tb01685.x · Cited by 22
Uninhabitable and Potentially Habitable Environments on Mars: Evidence from Meteorite ALH 84001
Treiman, A. (2021) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2020.2306 · Cited by 19
“The ﬁnal impact is of ALH 84001 onto Earth, in Antarctica, 13,000 years ago (Eugster et al., 1997).”
Influential
Chemical composition of magnetite in Martian meteorite ALH 84001: Revised appraisal from thermochemistry of phases in Fe–Mg–C–O
Treiman, A., & Essene, E. (2011) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.06.038 · Cited by 19
The nature of Martian fluids based on mobile element studies in salt‐assemblages from Martian meteorites
Rao, M. N., Nyquist, L. E., Wentworth, S. J., Sutton, S. R., & Garrison, D. H. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2007je002958 · Cited by 22
“In this context, Wright et al. [1995] addressed the issue relating to 14 C enrichments in EET79001 by showing that the detection of elevated 14 Ci n EET79001 is mostly because Jull et al. [1998] .”
Background
Issues involved in a Martian sample return: Integrity preservation and the Curation and Analysis Planning Team for Extraterrestrial Materials (CAPTEM) position
Neal, C. (2000) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/1999je001185 · Cited by 19
“Present work on ALH84001 debates whether these signatures are due to terrestrial contamination [e.g., Becker et al., 1997; Bada et al., 1998; Jull et al., 1998] or are a product of ancient Martian life [e.g., Clemett et al., 1998].”
Background
Experimental constraints on the stable-isotope systematics of CO2 ice/vapor systems and relevance to the study of Mars
Eiler, J., Kitchen, N., & Rahn, T. (2000) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00327-0 · Cited by 19
Martian regolith in Elephant Moraine 79001 shock melts? Evidence from major element composition and sulfur speciation
Walton, E., Jugo, P., Herd, C., & Wilke, M. (2010) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.065 · Cited by 18
Comparison of Prototype and Laboratory Experiments on MOMA GCMS: Results from the AMASE11 Campaign
Siljeström, S. M., Freissinet, C., Goesmann, F., Steininger, H., Goetz, W., Steele, A., Amundsen, H. E. F., & the AMASE11 Team (2014) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1197 · Cited by 20
“…detected in martian meteorites (Wright et al. , 1989; McKay et al. , 1996) of which numerous sources have been proposed including contamination (Jull et al. , 1998; Stephan et al. , 2003), chondritic meteoritic input (Benner et al. , 2000), biology (McKay et al. , 1996), and various abiotic…”
Chemical markers for bacteria in extraterrestrial samples
Fox, A. (2002) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.10152 · Cited by 14
A general algorithm for the 17O abundance correction to 13C/12C determinations from CO2 isotopologue measurements, including CO2 characterised by ‘mass-independent’ oxygen isotope distributions
Miller, M. F., Röckmann, T., & Wright, I. P. (2007) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.03.007 · Cited by 15
Accumulation mechanisms and the weathering of Antarctic equilibrated ordinary chondrites
Benoit, P., & Sears, D. (1999) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/1999je900015 · Cited by 12
Looking Through Windows onto the Earliest History of Life on Earth and Mars
Wacey, D., McLoughlin, N., & Brasier, M. (2009) · Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8837-7_3 · Cited by 12
Amino Acid Distribution in Meteorites: Diagenesis, Extraction Methods, and Standard Metrics in the Search for Extraterrestrial Biosignatures
McDonald, G. D., & Storrie‐Lombardi, M. C. (2006) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2006.6.17 · Cited by 11
“) has been used to argue that ALH84001 contained evidence of fossil life on Mars (McKay et al ., 1996).”
Influential
Coevolution of Life and Earth
Retallack, G. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53802-4.00162-7 · Cited by 10
“The organic compounds have isotopic composition (Jull et al., 1998) and racemization like Earthly contaminants (Bada et al.”
Background
The influence of ALH 84001 on our understanding of the origin and evolution of Mars
Righter, K. (2024) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.14289 · Cited by 9
“Other studies of C isotopes and amino acids (Bada et al., 1998; Becker et al., 1997, 1999; Jull et al., 1998) concluded that the PAHs are more likely terrestrial contamination due to the presence of L-amino acids and δ 13 C near (cid”
Influential
Carbonaceous objects resembling nannobacteria in the Allende meteorite
Folk, R., & Lynch, F. (1998) · Optics & Photonics · doi:10.1117/12.319830 · Cited by 9
Radiocarbon Beyond this World
Jull, J. A. T., Lal, D., Burr, G. S., Bland, P. A., Bevan, A., & Beck, J. (2000) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s003382220005311x · Cited by 9
“Jull et al. (1998b) have discussed the terrestrial 14C ages of 95 meteorites collected from Antarctic blue ice fields by US scientists.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Organic matter and biomarkers: Why are samples required?
Sephton, M. A., Steele, A., Westall, F., & Schubotz, F. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2404256121 · Cited by 7
Terrestrial ages of seven meteorite strewn fields and two single unpaired meteorites from the Sultanate of Oman determined using 14C and 10Be
Sliz, M., Hofmann, B., Leya, I., Szidat, S., Espic, C., Gattacceca, J., Braucher, R., Borschneck, D., & Gnos, E. (2022) · Meteoritics & Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.13922 · Cited by 8
Exobiology: It's life...isn't it?
Whitfield, J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/430288a · Cited by 8
The Search for Biosignatures in Martian Meteorite Allan Hills 84001
McSWEEN, H. Y., Jr. (2018) · Advances in astrobiology and biogeophysics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96175-0_8 · Cited by 12
Signatures of the Martian regolith components entrained in some impact‐melt glasses in shergottites
Rao, M.-N., Nyquist, L., Ross, D., Sutton, S. R., Hoppe, P., Shih, C.-Y., Wentworth, S., & Garrison, D. (2018) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.13177 · Cited by 7
“In addition, these studies show that there is little terrestrial sulfate contamination (Jull et al. 1998) in the Lithology C samples, because Lithology A matrix material surrounding Lithology C pods did not release any SO2 on pyrolysis.”
Background
Sterile robotic Mars soil analyzer
Levin, G., Miller, J. D., Straat, P., & Hoover, R. (2003) · SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation · doi:10.1117/12.457312 · Cited by 7
Identification of carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) in a Noachian Martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001
Kajitani, I., Koike, M., Nakada, R., Tanabe, G., Usui, T., Matsu’ura, F., Fukushi, K., & Yokoyama, T. (2023) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118345 · Cited by 10
Cosmogenic Nuclides in Antarctic Meteorites
Herzog, G., Caffee, M., & Jull, A. J. T. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118798478.ch9 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Identification and analysis of carbon-bearing phases in the Martian meteorite Nakhla
Gibson, E. K., Mckay, D., Clemett, S., Thomas-Keprta, K., Wentworth, S., Robert, F., Verchovsky, A., Wright, I., Pillinger, C., Rice, T., et al. (2006) · SPIE Optics + Photonics · doi:10.1117/12.690503 · Cited by 6
Bacterial Biofilms in Astrobiology: The Importance of Life Detection
Toporski, J., Steele, A., Mckay, D., & Westall, F. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0193-8_31 · Cited by 6
Astrophysics in 1998
Trimble, V., & Aschwanden, M. J. (1999) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/316342 · Cited by 9

Authors: Jull, A. J. T., Courtney, C., Jeffrey, D. A., & Beck, J. W.
Affiliations: U.S. National Science Foundation (US)
ORCID: Beck, J. W.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1998-01-16
Volume: 279
Issue: 5349
Pages: 366-369
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5349.366
OpenAlex: W1991009883
Cited by: 159
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 10.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Keywords: Martian meteorites, ALH84001, organic compounds, terrestrial contamination, carbon isotopes, carbon-14, carbonates
MeSH terms: Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Isotopes, Carbon Radioisotopes, Carbonates, Hot Temperature, Organic Chemicals, Silicates, Mars, Meteoroids

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Isotopic Evidence for a Terrestrial Source of Organic Compounds Found in Martian Meteorites Allan Hills 84001 and Elephant Moraine 79001

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