The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Enhanced Morphine Analgesia in Mice Lacking β-Arrestin 2
Abstract
The ability of morphine to alleviate pain is mediated through a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein)–coupled heptahelical receptor (GPCR), the μ opioid receptor (μOR). The efficiency of GPCR signaling is tightly regulated and ultimately limited by the coordinated phosphorylation of the receptors by specific GPCR kinases and the subsequent interaction of the phosphorylated receptors with β-arrestin 1 and β-arrestin 2. Functional deletion of the β-arrestin 2 gene in mice resulted in remarkable potentiation and prolongation of the analgesic effect of morphine, suggesting that μOR desensitization was impaired. These results provide evidence in vivo for the physiological importance of β-arrestin 2 in regulating the function of a specific GPCR, the μOR. Moreover, they suggest that inhibition of β-arrestin 2 function might lead to enhanced analgesic effectiveness of morphine and provide potential new avenues for the study and treatment of pain, narcotic tolerance, and dependence.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Matthes, H. W. D., Maldonado, R., Simonin, F., Valverde, O., Slowe, S., Kitchen, I., Befort, K., Dierich, A., Le Meur, M., Dollé, P., et al. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/383819a0 · Cited by 1,722
Cited by
The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors
Beaulieu, J.-M., & Gainetdinov, R. R. (2011) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.110.002642 · Cited by 2,763
Self-citationNeuroinflammation and Central Sensitization in Chronic and Widespread Pain
Ji, R.-R., Nackley, A., Huh, Y., Terrando, N., & Maixner, W. (2018) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000002130 · Cited by 1,630
Molecular mechanisms of opioid receptor-dependent signaling and behavior
Al-Hasani, R., & Bruchas, M. R. (2011) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e318238bba6 · Cited by 1,067
Regulation of μ-opioid receptors: desensitization, phosphorylation, internalization, and tolerance
Williams, J. T., Ingram, S. L., Henderson, G., Chavkin, C., von Zastrow, M., Schulz, S., Koch, T., Evans, C. J., & Christie, M. J. (2013) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.112.005942 · Cited by 802
Yan, Y., Jiang, W., Spinetti, T., Tardivel, A., Castillo, R., Bourquin, C., Guarda, G., Tian, Z., Tschopp, J., & Zhou, R. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.05.015 · Cited by 784
Metadata
- Authors
- Bohn, L. M., Lefkowitz, R. J., Gainetdinov, R. R., Peppel, K., Caron, M. G., & Lin, F.-T.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1999-12-24
- Volume
- 286
- Issue
- 5449
- Pages
- 2495-2498
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2015087988
- Cited by
- 1,077
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 6.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Enhanced Morphine Analgesia in Mice Lacking β-Arrestin 2. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.286.5449.2495
- The paper
- Bohn, L. M., Lefkowitz, R. J., Gainetdinov, R. R., Peppel, K., Caron, M. G., & Lin, F.-T. (1999). Enhanced Morphine Analgesia in Mice Lacking β-Arrestin 2. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5449.2495
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
