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Another Flame Retardant, Tris-(1,3-Dichloro-2-Propyl)-Phosphate, and Its Expected Metabolites Are Mutagens
Abstract
A flame retardant used in children's sleepwear, tris-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (Fyrol FR2) is a mutagen in the Salmonella -mammalian tissue homogenate test after it has been activated by mouse or rat liver homogenate. The expected enzymatic hydrolysis product, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, is similarly a mutagen after activation by liver homogenate. A proposed metabolite of the flame retardant, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanone, is a potent mutagen in the absence of such activation. A flame retardant with similar structure, tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (tris-BP), was shown previously to be a mutagen, to cause sterility in animals, to be a carcinogen, and to be absorbed through human skin. These and other flame retardants have characteristic nuclear magnetic resonance spectra that can be used to determine which flame retardant is present in commercially purchased sleepwear. Sleepwear treated with tris-BP, Fyrol FR2, and other chemical additives was being sold in late 1977.
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Cited by
Dishaw, L. V., Powers, C. M., Ryde, I. T., Roberts, S. C., Seidler, F. J., Slotkin, T. A., & Stapleton, H. M. (2011) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.01.005 · Cited by 393
The Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsomal assay
Kier, L. E., Brusick, D. J., Auletta, A. E., Von Halle, E. S., Brown, M. M., Simmon, V. F., Dunkel, V., McCann, J., Mortelmans, K., Prival, M., et al. (1986) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0165-1110(86)90002-3 · Cited by 290
Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in human placenta in Eastern China
Ding, J., Xu, Z., Huang, W., Feng, L., & Yang, F. (2016) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.171 · Cited by 285
Salamova, A., Hermanson, M. H., & Hites, R. A. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es500911d · Cited by 284
High Levels of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in the Great Lakes Atmosphere
Salamova, A., Ma, Y., Venier, M., & Hites, R. A. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/ez400034n · Cited by 232
Metadata
- Authors
- Gold, M. D., Blum, A., & Ames, B. N.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1978-05-19
- Volume
- 200
- Issue
- 4343
- Pages
- 785-787
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1988060281
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 8.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Gold, M. D., Blum, A., & Ames, B. N. (1978). Another Flame Retardant, Tris-(1,3-Dichloro-2-Propyl)-Phosphate, and Its Expected Metabolites Are Mutagens. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.347576
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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