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4-Nonylphenol in Sewage Sludge: Accumulation of Toxic Metabolites from Nonionic Surfactants
Abstract
Anaerobically treated sewage sludge was found to contain extraordinarily high concentrations of 4-nonylphenol, a metabolite derived from nonionic surfactants of the nonylphenol polyethoxylate type. Concentrations in activated sewage sludge, in mixed primary and secondary sludge, and in aerobically stabilized sludge were substantially lower, suggesting that the formation of 4-nonylphenol is favored under mesophilic anaerobic conditions. Because 4-nonylphenol may be highly toxic to aquatic life, further research is needed on the fate of 4-nonylphenol after sludge is disposed of in the environment.
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Citations
Cited by
Boron isotope application for tracing sources of contamination in groundwater
Vengosh, A., Heumann, K. G., Juraske, S., & Kasher, R. (1994) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es00060a030 · Cited by 323
Occurrence of Surface Active Agents in the Environment
Olkowska, E., Ruman, M., & Polkowska, Ż. (2014) · Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry · doi:10.1155/2014/769708 · Cited by 142
Overdahl, K. E., Sutton, R., Sun, J., DeStefano, N. J., Getzinger, G. J., & Ferguson, P. L. (2021) · Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/d0em00463d · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Giger, W., Brunner, P. H., & Schaffner, C.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1984-08-10
- Volume
- 225
- Issue
- 4662
- Pages
- 623-625
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1964491904
- Cited by
- 740
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 6.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: 4-Nonylphenol in Sewage Sludge: Accumulation of Toxic Metabolites from Nonionic Surfactants. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.6740328
- The paper
- Giger, W., Brunner, P. H., & Schaffner, C. (1984). 4-Nonylphenol in Sewage Sludge: Accumulation of Toxic Metabolites from Nonionic Surfactants. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6740328
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
