CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 6,471Cancer Genomics and DiagnosticsCancer Cells and MetastasisEvolution and Genetic Dynamics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Clonal Evolution of Tumor Cell Populations: Acquired genetic lability permits stepwise selection of variant sublines and underlies tumor progression.

Nowell, Peter C.·1976·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.959840
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

It is proposed that most neoplasms arise from a single cell of origin, and tumor progression results from acquired genetic variability within the original clone allowing sequential selection of more aggressive sublines. Tumor cell populations are apparently more genetically unstable than normal cells, perhaps from activation of specific gene loci in the neoplasm, continued presence of carcinogen, or even nutritional deficiencies within the tumor. The acquired genetic insta0ility and associated selection process, most readily recognized cytogenetically, results in advanced human malignancies being highly individual karyotypically and biologically. Hence, each patient's cancer may require individual specific therapy, and even this may be thwarted by emergence of a genetically variant subline resistant to the treatment. More research should be directed toward understanding and controlling the evolutionary process in tumors before it reaches the late stage usually seen in clinical cancer.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.959840

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 52 references

1 of the 52 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 24

  1. ALSAADI, A, SEQUENTIAL CYTOGENETIC CHANGES IN EVOLUTION OFTRANSPLANTED THYROID TUMORS IN METASTATIC CARCINOMA IN FICHER RAT, CANCER RESEARCH 27: 1831 (1967).
  2. BOYSE, E.A., CURRENT RES ONCOLOGY: 57 (1972).
  3. DIPAOLO, J.A., KARYOLOGICAL INSTABILITY OF NEOPLASTIC SOMATIC-CELLS, IN VITRO-JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 11: 89 (1975).
  4. FOLKMAN, J, S FUNDAMENTAL ASPECT: 331 (1975).
  5. FURTH, J, NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE MONOGRAPHS 2: 148 (1960).
  6. GERMAN, J, GENES WHICH INCREASE CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY IN SOMATIC CELLS AND PREDISPOSE TO CANCER, PROGRESS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 8: 61 (1972).
  7. GOLUB, S.H., CANCER COMPREHENSIVE 4: 259 (1975).
  8. GROUCHY, J.D., CHROMOSOMES CANCER: 287 (1974).
  9. HANDEN, D.G., CHROMOSOMES CANCER: 151 (1974).
  10. KLEIN, G, METHODOLOGY MAMMALIA: 407 (1963).
  11. KNUDSON, A.G., HEREDITY AND CANCER IN MAN, PROGRESS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 9: 113 (1973).
  12. MAKINO, S, ANN N Y ACAD SCI 64: 818 (1956).
  13. Miller, E. C., The Molecular Biology of Cancer: 377 (1974).
  14. NOWELL, P.C., CANCER COMPREHENSIVE 1: 3 (1975).
  15. NOWELL, P.C., CHROMOSOMES CANCER J: 267 (1974).
  16. ODELL, W, TXB ENDOCRINOLOGY: 1105 (1974).
  17. Oksala, T., Chromosomes and Cancer: 239 (1974).
  18. Pedersen, B., Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Human Genetics: 166 (1972).
  19. Pitot, H. C., Molecular Biology of Cancer: 523 (1974).
  20. Robbins, J. C., Cancer: A Comprehensive Treatise 4: 3 (1975).
  21. RUBIN, H, SCIENCE 191: 241 (1976). · DOI
  22. STICH, H.F., CANADIAN CANCER CONFERENCE 5: 99 (1963).
  23. WOLMAN, S.R., CANCER COMPREHENSIVE 3: 155 (1975).
  24. Yosida, T. H., Handbuch der Allgemeinen Pathologic: 677 (1975).

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 6,471

Related

Metadata

Authors
Nowell, P. C.
Affiliations
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19174.
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
1976-10
Volume
194
Issue
4260
Pages
23-28
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.959840
OpenAlex
W1967304777
Cited by
6,471
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 117 · 2025: 163 · 2024: 183 · 2023: 201 · 2022: 209 · 2021: 282 · 2020: 287 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 304 · 2017: 332 · 2016: 263 · 2015: 261 · 2014: 241 · 2013: 233 · 2012: 200
FWCI
16.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Keywords
clonal evolution, tumor progression, karyotypic heterogeneity, tumor cell populations, treatment resistance, carcinogen exposure, precision oncology
MeSH terms
Carcinogens, Chromosomes, Clone Cells, Karyotyping, Models, Biological, Mutation, Neoplasms

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review