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A Blind Fish Can School
Abstract
Vision is not required in order for fish to school. Five individual saithe, Pollachius virens , were able to join schools of 25 normal saithe swimming in an annular tank, while blinded with opaque eye covers. Test fish maintained position within the school indefinitely and responded to short-term movements of individuals within the school, although quantitative differences in reaction time and schooling behavior were noted. Five fish with lateral lines cut at the opercula were unable to school when wearing opaque eye covers. Although it is unlikely that blind saithe could school in the wild, the constraints of the apparatus permitted a demonstration of a role of the lateral line organ in schooling.
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Citations
Cited by
Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
Reynolds, C. W. (1987) · ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics · doi:10.1145/37402.37406 · Cited by 5,148
Functions of Shoaling Behaviour in Teleosts
Pitcher, T. J. (1986) · The Behaviour of Teleost Fishes · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8261-4_12 · Cited by 962
Self-citationFish Behaviour by Day, Night and Twilight
Helfman, G. S. (1986) · The Behaviour of Teleost Fishes · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8261-4_14 · Cited by 423
Gemmer, A., Mirkes, K., Anneser, L., Eilers, T., Kibat, C., Mathuru, A., Ryu, S., & Schuman, E. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07990-y · Cited by 56
McKee, A., Soto, A. P., Chen, P., & McHenry, M. J. (2020) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.0568 · Cited by 42
Metadata
- Authors
- Pitcher, T. J., Partridge, B. L., & Wardle, C. S.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1976-11-26
- Volume
- 194
- Issue
- 4268
- Pages
- 963-965
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2026969539
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 5.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Blind Fish Can School. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.982056
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- Pitcher, T. J., Partridge, B. L., & Wardle, C. S. (1976). A Blind Fish Can School. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.982056
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
