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Maternal immune activation: Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders
Open accessAbstract
Epidemiological evidence implicates maternal infection as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Animal models corroborate this link and demonstrate that maternal immune activation (MIA) alone is sufficient to impart lifelong neuropathology and altered behaviors in offspring. This Review describes common principles revealed by these models, highlighting recent findings that strengthen their relevance for schizophrenia and autism and are starting to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of MIA on offspring. The role of MIA as a primer for a much wider range of psychiatric and neurologic disorders is also discussed. Finally, the need for more research in this nascent field and the implications for identifying and developing new treatments for individuals at heightened risk for neuroimmune disorders are considered.
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In the citing paper
“Current MIA ASD models expose developing rodent pups to bacterial or viral mimetics [126] to elicit strong immune responses.”
From The ASD Living Biology: from cell proliferation to clinical phenotype (2019) · cites this paper as [126]
In the citing paper
“MIA can be induced experimentally via immunogens, such as polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).”
From Maternal immune activation dysregulation of the fetal brain transcriptome and relevance to the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (2018) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“MIA-induced disruption may work in a manner similar in directionality to rare highly penetrant ASD mutations, and may act as ‘priming’27, 28, 29, 30 or fetal programming21, 22 mechanisms that enhance risk of later developing ASD.”
From Maternal immune activation dysregulation of the fetal brain transcriptome and relevance to the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (2018) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Alterations of the host immune responses by gut microbiota are closely linked to ASD-related symptoms.”
From Gut microbiota changes in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [65]
In the citing paper
“The implicated cytokine pathways include, and not limited to, IL-5, IL-15, IL-17, IL-17a, IL-10, IL-1b, TNF-α, TGF-β1 and IFNγ [12, 18, 65, 66].”
From Gut microbiota changes in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [65]
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Risque d’autisme : une architecture complexe
Chaste, P. (2018) · Enfances & Psy · doi:10.3917/ep.080.0103 · Cited by 1
Looking beyond the usual suspects: sulfide stress in schizophrenia pathophysiology
Simonneau, M. (2019) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201910983 · Cited by 1
“MIA alone is sufficient to impart lifelong neuropathology and altered behaviors in offspring (Estes & McAllister, 2016).”
Cytokine Model of Cognition in Relation to Mental Disorders During Neurodevelopment
Fourrier, C., & Baune, B. T. (2020) · Progress in inflammation research · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39335-9_15 · Cited by 1
[Research advances in the role of mTOR signaling pathway in autism spectrum disorder].
Sheng, G., & Jiang, K. (2019) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.07.019 · Cited by 1
Case series of SARS‐COV‐2 infection in pregnant African women: focus on biological features
Minkobame, U., Nzoghe, A. M., Siawaya, A. C. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26927 · Cited by 1
“In SARS‐COV‐2 infection, the associated antenatal inflammation is clearly the main factor that may create an adverse environment for the mother and the fetus.(5,6) Circulating concentration of Inflammatory factors including complement C3c, PCT, and CRP are elevated in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected women.”
BackgroundMaternal Gestational Tdap Vaccination and Autism: A Critique of Becerra-Culqui et al. (2018)
Lyons‐Weiler, J., Fujito, A., & Pajer, B. (2022) · International Journal of Vaccine Theory Practice and Research · doi:10.56098/ijvtpr.v2i1.39 · Cited by 1
“Animal models use maternal B. pertussis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure to induce ASD in offspring (Estes & McAllister, 2016); pertussis and influenza vaccines have been found to be contaminated with LPS (Kataoka et al., 2012).”
MethodCOVID-19 y placenta: afectación histopatológica y materno fetal
Campo, D. M. D., & Lozada, C. C. (2022) · Gaceta Médica de Caracas · doi:10.47307/gmc.2022.130.3.6 · Cited by 1
COVID-19 y cerebro fetal: afectación y secuelas
de Medicina, M. P. D. E. E. O. Y. G. D. D. P. E. M. M. F. U. C. D. V. M. C. A. N., & Cabrera-Lozada, C. (2022) · Gaceta Médica de Caracas · doi:10.47307/gmc.2022.130.4.15 · Cited by 1
Mikhailova, A., & McAllister, A. K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88832-9_190 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMaternal autoimmunity: risk of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric outcomes
Dale, R. C., Barnett, M. H., & Kiernan, M. C. (2017) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-315724 · Cited by 1
Souza, I. N. D. O., Frost, P. S., França, J. V., et al. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/195172 · Cited by 1
Systematic search for schizophrenia pathways sensitive to perturbation by immune activationPreprint
Gao, Y., Liang, X., Ren, Z., Li, Y., & Yang, X. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/730655 · Cited by 1
Vlasova, R., Iosif, A., Ryan, A. M., Murai, T., Lesh, T. A., Rowland, D. J., Bennett, J., Hogrefe, C. E., Maddock, R. J., Gandal, M. J., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.185363 · Cited by 1
Self-citationNichols, E. K., Chuang, H., Davis, M. T., Geiger, K. M., Li, R. Z., Arnold, M. L., Lin, P. M., Misra, R., Coscoy, L., & Saijo, K. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.10.09.333815 · Cited by 1
“Fetal TRIF signaling is important for Poly(I:C)-MIA induced behavior changes Reduced sociability and increased restricted repetitive behaviors are frequently observed in ASD patients and animal models.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGene regulatory networks underlying human microglia maturationPreprint
Han, C. Z., Li, R. Z., Hansen, E. A., Bennett, H. R., Poirion, O., Buchanan, J., Challacombe, J. F., Fixsen, B. R., Trescott, S., Schlachetzki, J. C. M., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.06.02.446636 · Cited by 1
Capellán, R., Orihuel, J., Marcos, A., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.10.11.463760 · Cited by 1
“MIA models recapitulate several aspects of these diseases (8,9) and have been used to determine if behaviours reminiscent of specific aspects of addiction are increased in animals exposed to MIA (see Menne and Chesworth 2020 and Ng et al.”
BackgroundSaunders, J. M., Muguruza, C., Sierra, S., Moreno, J. L., Callado, L. F., Meana, J. J., Beardsley, P. M., & González‐Maeso, J. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.01.07.475437 · Cited by 1
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Couch, A. C. M., Solomon, S., Marrocu, A., Duarte, R. R. R., Sun, Y., Sichlinger, L., Matulevičiūtė, R., Polit, L. D., Hanger, B., Kordasti, S. Y., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.08.05.502958 · Cited by 1
Eroğlu, G., & Abou, R. (2022) · doi:10.32388/kzlsrc.2 · Cited by 1
Editorial: Understanding perinatal mental health psychiatric impact
Wickham, R. J., & van Pampus, M. G. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1118492 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Estes, M. L., & McAllister, A. K.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- McAllister, A. Kimberley
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2016-08-19
- Volume
- 353
- Issue
- 6301
- Pages
- 772-777
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC5650490
- OpenAlex
- W2515897135
- Semantic Scholar
- 70e346df06748a0e6435133309a1011e2a43f998
- Cited by
- 1,206
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 109 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 128 · 2022: 158 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 104 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 10
- FWCI
- 5.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01-NS060125-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50-MH106438-01)
- Simons Foundation (321998)
- University of California Davis Research Investments in Science and Engineering Program
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- maternal immune activation, maternal infection, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, neuropsychiatric disorders, animal models, neuropathology, neuroimmunological diseases, molecular mechanisms, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Animals, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Immune System, Immune System Diseases, Mothers, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Gastrointestinal Tract, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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