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Cited by 282Neuroscience of respiration and sleepSleep and Wakefulness ResearchNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Breathing control center neurons that promote arousal in mice

Open access
Yackle, Kevin, Schwarz, Lindsay A., Kam, Kaiwen, Sorokin, Jordan M., Huguenard, John R., Feldman, Jack L., Luo, Liqun, Krasnow, Mark A.·2017·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.aai7984PMC PMC5505554
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Abstract

A tiny group of neurons in the brainstem matches breathing rate to the level of calmness versus arousal.

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.aai7984

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  • Different emotional and cognitive states alter the depth and frequency of breathing, which impacts emotional state in part by regulation of carbon dioxide levels.

    “It is also clear that different emotional and cognitive states alter the depth and frequency of breathing,8,9,10,11,12 which likewise impacts emotional state, in part by regulation of carbon dioxide levels.13,14,15,16,17”

    From Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal (2023) · cites this paper as [14]

    In the indexed passage labeled Abstract (page unavailable), the paper says higher-order brain functions can control breathing and that breathing patterns can affect calmness and arousal. It proposes a neural pathway linking breathing to arousal, but does not attribute that effect to regulation of carbon dioxide levels. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Breathing rhythms directly modulate behavioral and physiological arousal in mice through the activity of the locus coeruleus.

    “Breathing rhythms have been shown to directly modulate behavioral and physiological arousal in mice through the activity of the locus coeruleus”

    From Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal (2023) · cites this paper as [14]

    The paper reports that ablating preBötC neurons in mice reduced exploratory behavior and active ECoG states, and that these neurons excite the locus coeruleus (passages indexed under Abstract; page unavailable). But it presents the idea that breathing patterns themselves drive arousal through this circuit as a proposed mechanism, not a directly demonstrated effect of changing breathing rhythms. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Slow breathing is known to reduce arousal in mice as well as humans.

    “Slow breathing is known to reduce arousal in mice as well as humans (Yackle et al., 2017; Zaccaro et al., 2018).”

    From Being able to think when caught in the maelstrom - how adolescents used mindfulness when facing exams. (2024) · cites this paper as Yackle et al., 2017

    The introduction says slow, controlled breathing is used to promote calm and suppress excessive arousal in humans. In the mouse experiments, however, slower breaths accompanied reduced arousal after neuronal ablation; the authors say the shift toward slower breaths could be explained by the shift toward calm behavior, not that slow breathing caused it. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The pre-BötC-LC pathway may represent an important circuit regulating the balance between calm and arousal behaviors.

    “Therefore, this pathway may represent an important circuit regulating the balance between calm and arousal behaviors (Yackle et al., 2017).”

    From Hypothesis: Pulmonary Afferent Activity Patterns During Slow, Deep Breathing Contribute to the Neural Induction of Physiological Relaxation (2019) · cites this paper as Yackle et al., 2017

  • Experimentally induced slow breathing patterns are associated with calm behaviors in mice.

    “where experimentally induced slow breathing patterns have been associated with calm behaviors.”

    From Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal (2023) · cites this paper as [14]

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References 48 · Cited by 282

Research works printed but not linked: 40

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Authors
Yackle, K., Schwarz, L. A., Kam, K., Sorokin, J. M., Huguenard, J. R., Feldman, J. L., Luo, L., & Krasnow, M. A.
Affiliations
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author
Krasnow, Mark A.
ORCID
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
2017-03-31
Volume
355
Issue
6332
Pages
1411-1415
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.aai7984
PMC
PMC5505554
OpenAlex
W2600246340
Cited by
282
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 8
FWCI
15.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (award292784)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (award292785)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
pre-Bötzinger complex, noradrenergic neurons, locus coeruleus, arousal, respiratory control, neural circuits, mice
MeSH terms
Animals, Arousal, Locus Coeruleus, Mice, Mutant Strains, Neurons, Respiration, Cadherins, Panic Disorder, Homeodomain Proteins, Mice

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