Learning and attention reveal a general relationship between population activity and behavior
Open accessAbstract
The neuronal population is the key unit: The responses of pairs of neurons to repeated presentations of the same stimulus are typically correlated, and an identical neuronal population can perform many functions. This suggests that the relevant units of computation are not single neurons but subspaces of the complete population activity. To test this idea, Ni et al. measured the relationship between neuronal population activity and performance in monkeys. They investigated attention, which improves perception of attended stimuli, and perceptual learning, which improves perception of well-practiced stimuli. These two processes operate on different time scales and are usually studied using different perceptual tasks. Manipulation of attention and learning in the same behavioral trials and the same neuronal populations revealed the dimensions of population activity that matter most for behavior. Science , this issue p. 463
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Gain regulation has been suggested to allow downstream decoders to be optimized for diverse stimuli by separating those features.
“Gain regulation has been suggested to enable networks of neurons to produce distributed representations of stimulus features223, and to allow downstream decoders to be optimized for diverse stimuli by separating those features224.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [224]
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Task-Related Sensorimotor Adjustments Increase the Sensory Range in Electrolocation
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Circuit models of low dimensional shared variability in cortical networksPreprint
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Self-citationCheng, Y.-A., Sanayei, M., Chen, X., Jia, K., Li, S., Fang, F., Watanabe, T., Thiele, A., & Zhang, R. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02149-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Methylphenidate as a causal test of translational and basic neural coding hypotheses
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Understanding Sensory Information Processing Through Simultaneous Multi-area Population Recordings
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Task-specific modulation of PFC activity for matching-rule governed decision-making
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Weak evidence for neural correlates of task-switching in macaque V1
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Learning nonnative speech sounds changes local encoding in the adult human cortex
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Decision-related activity and movement selection in primate visual cortex
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Noise correlations and perceptual inference
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Stimulation of the ventral tegmental area induces visual cortical plasticity at the neuronal level
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Identification of interacting neural populations: methods and statistical considerations
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- Authors
- Ni, A. M., Ruff, D. A., Alberts, J. J., Symmonds, J., & Cohen, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cohen, M. R.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2018-01-26
- Volume
- 359
- Issue
- 6374
- Pages
- 463-465
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC6571104
- OpenAlex
- W2785016696
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 14.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (4R00EY020844-03, R01 EY022930, Core Grant P30 EY008098s)
- McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Simons Foundation
- Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Fund
- Whitehall Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- correlated variability, population activity, perceptual learning, attention, behavioral performance, decision-making, trial-to-trial variability, perceptual performance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Attention, Behavior, Evoked Potentials, Learning, Male, Neurons, Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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