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Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A

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The IceCube Collaboration, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, AGILE, ASAS-SN, HAWC, H.E.S.S., INTEGRAL, Kanata, Kiso, Kapteyn, Liverpool Telescope, Subaru, Swift/NuSTAR, VERITAS, VLA/17B-403 teams, Aartsen, Mark, Ackermann, Markus, Adams, Jenni, Aguilar, Juan Antonio, Ahlers, Markus, Ahrens, Maryon, Al Samarai, Imen, Altmann, David, Andeen, Karen, Anderson, Tyler, Ansseau, Isabelle, Anton, Gisela, Argüelles, Carlos, Auffenberg, Jan, Axani, Spencer, Bagherpour, Hadis, Bai, Xinhua, Barron, Jared, Barwick, Steve, Baum, Volker, Bay, Ryan, Beatty, James, Becker, Karl Heinz, Tjus, Julia, BenZvi, Segev, Berley, David, Bernardini, Elisa, Besson, David, Binder, Gary, Bindig, Daniel, Blaufuss, Erik, Blot, Summer, Bohm, Christian, Boerner, Mathis, Bos, Fabian, Boeser, Sebastian, Botner, Olga, Bourbeau, Etienne, Bourbeau, James, Bradascio, Federica, Braun, Jim, Brenzke, Martin, Bretz, Hans-Peter, Bron, Stephanie, Brostean-Kaiser, Jannes, Burgman, Alexander, Busse, Raffaela, Carver, Tessa, Cheng, Edward, Chirkin, Dmitry, Christov, Asen, Clark, Ken, Classen, Lew, Coenders, S., Collin, Gabriel, Conrad, Janet, Coppin, Paul, Correa, Pablo, Cowen, Doug, Cross, Robert, Dave, Pranav, Day, Melanie, de Andre, Joao Pedro A M, De Clercq, Catherine, Delaunay, James, Dembinski, Hans, DeRidder, Sam, Desiati, Paolo, de Vries, Krijn, DeWasseige, Gwenhael, DeWith, Meike, DeYoung, Ty, Díaz-Vélez, Juan Carlos, Di Lorenzo, Vincenzo, Dujmovic, Hrvoje, Dumm, Jonathan, Dunkman, Matt, Dvorak, Emily, Eberhardt, Benjamin, Ehrhardt, Thomas, Eichmann, Bjorn, Eller, Philipp, Evenson, Paul, Fahey, Sam, Fazely, Ali, Felde, John, Filimonov, Kirill, Finley, Chad, Flis, Samuel, Franckowiak, Anna, Friedman, Elizabeth, Fritz, Alexander, Gaisser, Tom, Gallagher, Jay, Gerhardt, Lisa, Ghorbani, Kevin, Glauch, Theo, Gluesenkamp, Thorsten, Goldschmidt, Azriel, Gonzalez, Javier, Grant, Darren, Griffith, Zachary, Haack, Christian, Hallgren, Allan, Halzen, Francis, Hanson, Kael, Hebecker, Dustin, Heereman, David, Helbing, Klaus, 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DOI 10.1126/science.aat1378
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Abstract

Neutrino emission from a flaring blazar: Neutrinos interact only very weakly with matter, but giant detectors have succeeded in detecting small numbers of astrophysical neutrinos. Aside from a diffuse background, only two individual sources have been identified: the Sun and a nearby supernova in 1987. A multiteam collaboration detected a high-energy neutrino event whose arrival direction was consistent with a known blazar—a type of quasar with a relativistic jet oriented directly along our line of sight. The blazar, TXS 0506+056, was found to be undergoing a gamma-ray flare, prompting an extensive multiwavelength campaign. Motivated by this discovery, the IceCube collaboration examined lower-energy neutrinos detected over the previous several years, finding an excess emission at the location of the blazar. Thus, blazars are a source of astrophysical neutrinos. Science, this issue p.147, p.eaat1378

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The IceCube Collaboration, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, AGILE, ASAS-SN, HAWC, H.E.S.S., INTEGRAL, Kanata, Kiso, Kapteyn, Telescope, L., Subaru, Swift/NuSTAR, VERITAS, teams, V.-4., Aartsen, M., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Al Samarai, I., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bagherpour, H., Bai, X., Barron, J., Barwick, S., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J., Becker, K. H., Tjus, J., BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., Boerner, M., Bos, F., Boeser, S., Botner, O., Bourbeau, E., Bourbeau, J., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Brenzke, M., Bretz, H.-P., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Burgman, A., Busse, R., Carver, T., Cheng, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coenders, S., Collin, G., Conrad, J., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D., Cross, R., Dave, P., Day, M., de Andre, J. P. A. M., De Clercq, C., Delaunay, J., Dembinski, H., DeRidder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K., DeWasseige, G., DeWith, M., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Di Lorenzo, V., Dujmovic, H., Dumm, J., Dunkman, M., Dvorak, E., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Eller, P., Evenson, P., Fahey, S., Fazely, A., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Gaisser, T., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Glauch, T., Gluesenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J., Grant, D., Griffith, Z., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G., Hoffman, K., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Hultqvist, K., Huennefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Japaridze, G., Jeong, M., Jero, K., Jones, B., Kalaczynski, P., Kang, W., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J., Kheirandish, A., Kim, J., Kim, M., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Klein, S., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Koepke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koschinsky, J. 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C., Reimann, R., Relethford, B., Relich, M., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Rysewyk, D., Safa, I., Saelzer, T., Sanchez, S., Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schoenen, S., Schoneberg, S., Schumacher, L., Sclanfani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Song, M., Spiczak, G., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R., Stoessl, A., Strotjohann, N. 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H., Hona, B., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hui, M., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kunde, G. J., Lara, A., Lauer, R., Lee, W., Lennarz, D., Vargas, H. L., Linnemann, J., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Luna-García, R., Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martinez Castellanos, I., Martínez Huerta, H., Martínez Castro, J., Matthews, J., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno Barbosa, E., Mostafa, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Pelayo, R., Pretz, J., Pérez Pérez, E. G., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Rivière, C., González, D. R., Rosenberg, M., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Greus, F. S., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, W., Surajbali, P., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Villaseñor, L., Weisgarber, T., Werner, F., Yapici, T., Yodh, G., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., Álvarez Romero, J. D. D., Abdalla, H., Angüner, E. 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Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
2018-07-13
Volume
361
Issue
6398
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.aat1378
OpenAlex
W2845504537
Cited by
1,108
References
2
FWCI
67.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.aat1378
The paper
The IceCube Collaboration, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, AGILE, ASAS-SN, HAWC, H.E.S.S., INTEGRAL, Kanata, Kiso, Kapteyn, Telescope, L., Subaru, Swift/NuSTAR, VERITAS, teams, V.-4., Aartsen, M., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., . . . Sivakoff, G. (2018). Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat1378

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.