Sex differences in immune responses
Abstract
Biological sex differences in immunity potentially underlie male bias for severe COVID-19
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In most animals, male sex is associated with a relatively lowered immune response and a relatively higher susceptibility to infection.
“In most animals, male sex is associated with a relatively lowered immune response and a relatively higher susceptibility to infection (76).”
From Where Sex Meets Gender: How Sex and Gender Come Together to Cause Sex Differences in Mental Illness (2022) · cites this paper as [76]
Cites
Sex differences in immune responses
Klein, S. L., & Flanagan, K. L. (2016) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2016.90 · Cited by 6,370 · see citing works
Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19
Blanco-Melo, D., Nilsson-Payant, B. E., Liu, W.-C., Uhl, S., Hoagland, D., Møller, R., Jordan, T. X., Oishi, K., Panis, M., Sachs, D., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026 · Cited by 4,222 · see citing works
Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19
Bastard, P., Rosen, L. B., Zhang, Q., Michailidis, E., Hoffmann, H.-H., Zhang, Y., Dorgham, K., Philippot, Q., Rosain, J., Béziat, V., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abd4585 · Cited by 2,662 · see citing works
Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19
Lucas, C., Wong, P., Klein, J., Castro, T. B. R., Silva, J., Sundaram, M., Ellingson, M. K., Mao, T., Oh, J. E., Israelow, B., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2588-y · Cited by 2,074 · see citing works
Self-citationSex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes
Takahashi, T., Ellingson, M. K., Wong, P., Israelow, B., Lucas, C., Klein, J., Silva, J., Mao, T., Oh, J. E., Tokuyama, M., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2700-3 · Cited by 1,459 · see citing works
Self-citationConsidering how biological sex impacts immune responses and COVID-19 outcomes
Scully, E. P., Haverfield, J., Ursin, R. L., Tannenbaum, C., & Klein, S. L. (2020) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0348-8 · Cited by 925 · see citing works
TLR7 escapes X chromosome inactivation in immune cells
Souyris, M., Cénac, C., Azar, P., Daviaud, D., Canivet, A., Grunenwald, S., Pienkowski, C., Chaumeil, J., Mejía, J. E., & Guéry, J. (2018) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.aap8855 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Sexual-dimorphism in human immune system aging
Márquez, E. J., Chung, C.-H., Marches, R., Rossi, R. J., Nehar-Belaid, D., Eroglu, A., Mellert, D. J., Kuchel, G. A., Banchereau, J., & Ucar, D. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14396-9 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Montopoli, M., Zumerle, S., Vettor, R., Rugge, M., Zorzi, M., Catapano, C. V., Carbone, G. M., Cavalli, A., Pagano, F. C., Ragazzi, E., et al. (2020) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.479 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
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Excessive Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19
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Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies
Li, X., Li, C., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Qian, P., & Huang, H. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01502-8 · Cited by 1,443 · see citing works
“For example, studies have shown that women living longer than men,(4) in which older men showed higher activity of inflammation-related modules, with a more dramatic decrease in the ratio of naive T and B cells compared to older women.(4,5) In addition, centenarians have been found to possess stronger anti-inflammator…”
Lau, E. S., McNeill, J. N., Paniagua, S. M., Liu, E. E., Wang, J. K., Bassett, I. V., Selvaggi, C. A., Lubitz, S. A., Foulkes, A. S., & Ho, J. E. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250774 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Where Sex Meets Gender: How Sex and Gender Come Together to Cause Sex Differences in Mental Illness
Christiansen, D. M., McCarthy, M. M., & Seeman, M. V. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856436 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“As well, immune cells such as T cells and B cells show varying sex-related rates of age-associated decline, with immunosenescence starting earlier in males than in females by ∼6 years (76).”
Background
- Authors
- Takahashi, T., & Iwasaki, A.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2021-01-22
- Volume
- 371
- Issue
- 6527
- Pages
- 347-348
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W3122777490
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 36.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- sex differences, immune response, COVID-19 pandemic, male bias, sex hormones, sex differences in immunity
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Female, Humans, Immunity, Male, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Cytokines
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