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Sentinel p16 INK4a+ cells in the basement membrane form a reparative niche in the lung
Open accessAbstract
We engineered an ultrasensitive reporter of p16 INK4a , a biomarker of cellular senescence. Our reporter detected p16 INK4a -expressing fibroblasts with certain senescent characteristics that appeared shortly after birth in the basement membrane adjacent to epithelial stem cells in the lung. Furthermore, these p16 INK4a+ fibroblasts had enhanced capacity to sense tissue inflammation and respond through their increased secretory capacity to promote epithelial regeneration. In addition, p16 INK4a expression was required in fibroblasts to enhance epithelial regeneration. This study highlights a role for p16 INK4a+ fibroblasts as tissue-resident sentinels in the stem cell niche that monitor barrier integrity and rapidly respond to inflammation to promote tissue regeneration.
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“It should be noted, however, that senescent cells also have important physiological roles and that their clearance may be detrimental in certain conditions3–5.”
From Spatial mapping of cellular senescence: emerging challenges and opportunities (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
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“Furthermore, there are beneficial effects of senescent cells in certain circumstances, which brings more critical requirements to study the right time and condition for senolytics to overcome the harmful effects.16”
From Single-cell senescence identification reveals senescence heterogeneity, trajectory, and modulators (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
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“Cellular senescence is not a mammalian-specific phenomenon but is widespread across the animal kingdom, including vertebrate and invertebrate organisms.”
From Guidelines for minimal information on cellular senescence experimentation in vivo (2024) · cites this paper as [116]
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“Senescence in non-mammals impacts on many aspects of organismal physiology, from development116,122 to regeneration (e.g., salamander limbs117, zebrafish fins118, whole hydra polyps120) and ageing119,123,124.”
From Guidelines for minimal information on cellular senescence experimentation in vivo (2024) · cites this paper as [116]
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“Markers of senescence have been detected in birds (e.g., quail114), amphibians (e.g., axolotls115, xenopus116, and newts117), fish (e.g., zebrafish118 and killifish119), and invertebrates (e.g., hydra120 and Drosophila121).”
From Guidelines for minimal information on cellular senescence experimentation in vivo (2024) · cites this paper as [116]
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Molecular evolution of animal aging
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“However, the issue remains complex, as certain types of senescent cells perform important bene-fi cial functions (Born et al, 2023; de Magalhaes, 2024; Grosse et al, 2020; Reyes et al, 2022) — for instance, as part of a defense mechanism known as disease tolerance (Triana-Martinez et al, 2024).”
Forgotten foundations: basement membranes in lung function and cancer
Yoo, D., Cox, T. R., & Parker, A. L. (2026) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00599.2025
Sun, Y., Zou, H., Cui, A., Dong, H., Abulizi, P., Zhao, P., Wang, J., Leung, W. K., & Wang, Q. (2026) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2026.116647
Integrating senotherapeutics into transplantation: liver reconditioning in an aging donor pool
Buch, M. L., Esser, H., Perera, H., Zheng, R., Ferreira-González, S., & Forbes, S. J. (2026) · Transplant International · doi:10.3389/ti.2026.16347
“Similarly, senescence functions as a tumor suppressor mechanism and prolonged SnC ablation may impair immune surveillance [113, 117, 118].”
Distinct fibroblast and perivascular senotypes define spatial niches that regulate fibrosisPreprint
Rindone, A. N., Nagaraj, S., Cho, A., Browne, M., Krishnan, K., Adkins, R. S., Lesperance, D., Orvis, J., Daswani, P. S., Mejías, J. C., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.08.730636
JMJD3-driven epigenetic reprogramming of p16INK4a-positive cells promotes tendon regeneration
Liu, X.-N., Lu, W.-H., Wang, Y.-C., Zhang, P.-L., Su, Z.-Y., Cao, T., Zhang, Y.-F., Zhao, J.-J., Wang, J., Xiang, H.-L., et al. (2026) · Bone Research · doi:10.1038/s41413-026-00537-1
Li, G., Zhao, Z., Zhao, F., Ishikawa, M., Kumamoto, K., Ohmichi, K., Ishikawa, R., Yamazaki, S., Sun, Z., & Kurahara, L. H. (2026) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2026.07.037
Etrouth, S., Zhu, Y., & Zhang, D. (2026) · Journal of Respiration · doi:10.3390/jor6030021
“On the other hand, senescence may also exert beneficial effects during acute tissue injury. p16-expressing fibroblasts served as an inflammation-responsive reparative niche and promoted lung epithelial regeneration [296].”
Multidimensional Regulatory Network of Cellular Senescence: From Mechanisms to Theranostics
Lv, Z., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Tan, Y., Man, Y., Shuqing, D., Zhang, Z., Lee, L. P., Chen, Q., & Liu, Z. (2026) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6c00849
The therapeutic potential of transposable element activity modulation
Morelli, G., D’Onghia, M., Mangiavacchi, A., & Orlando, V. (2026) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s44321-026-00528-z
“…event but is spatially and cellularly compartmentalized: specialized tissue-resident “ sentinel ” cells are poised to sense local damage signals and rapidly initiate a localized, calibrated in fl ammatory response (Antonelli and Kushner, 2017; Peiseler and Kubes, 2018; Reyes et al, 2022).”
Alveolar stem cells transdifferentiate to drive bronchiolar regeneration
Liu, K., Liu, Z., Meng, X., Tang, M., Di, F., Wang, Z., Li, C., Yang, S., Zhang, Y., Yang, X., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-026-11127-w · Cited by 1
Small extracellular vesicles as mediators of paracrine senescence in cellular models of aging
Llabrés-Mas, A. M., Merino-Navarro, A., Menendez-Garcia, M., & O’Loghlen, A. (2026) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.206425
Metadata
- Authors
- Reyes, N. S., Krasilnikov, M., Allen, N. C., Lee, J. Y., Hyams, B., Zhou, M., Ravishankar, S., Cassandras, M., Wang, C., Khan, I., Matatia, P., Johmura, Y., Molofsky, A., Matthay, M., Nakanishi, M., Sheppard, D., Campisi, J., & Peng, T.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging (US)
- Corresponding author
- Peng, Tien
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2022-10-14
- Volume
- 378
- Issue
- 6616
- Pages
- 192-201
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC10621323
- OpenAlex
- W4305040316
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 20.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program
- National Institutes of Health (DK063720)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20H00514, 19H03431)
- National Institute on Aging (DP2AG056034)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL155622, R01HL142552, R01HL160895)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK063720)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Keywords
- p16INK4a, cellular senescence, epithelial stem cells, stem cell niche, tissue regeneration, secretory capacity, reporter system
- MeSH terms
- Basement Membrane, Epithelial Cells, Fibroblasts, Humans, Inflammation, Lung, Regeneration, Biomarkers, Cellular Senescence, Genes, Reporter, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16, Stem Cell Niche
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