The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A soft robot that navigates its environment through growth
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A class of soft robot can substantially and rapidly increase length from its tip and steer to navigate its environment.
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“These stresses corrode materials, disrupt electronics, and shorten operational lifespans (Hawkes et al., 2017; Lu et al., 2018; Zuniga and Fink, 2023).”
From Wetware network-based AI: a chemical approach to embodied cognition for robotics and artificial intelligence (2026) · cites this paper as Hawkes et al., 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
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“extreme conditions such as high salinity, electromagnetic interference, and rapid temperature shifts can degrade performance.”
From Wetware network-based AI: a chemical approach to embodied cognition for robotics and artificial intelligence (2026) · cites this paper as Hawkes et al., 2017
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hawkes, E. W., Blumenschein, L. H., Greer, J. D., & Okamura, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hawkes, Elliot W.
- Venue
- Science Robotics
- Published
- 2017-07-19
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 8
- ISSN
- 2470-9476 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2737491236
- Cited by
- 968
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 141 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 151 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 29.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.escholarship.org
- Locations
- Science Robotics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (award334518, 1637446)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Soft Robotics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Robotic Locomotion and Control
- Keywords
- soft robots, pneumatic actuators, directional control, thin-walled vessels, pressurization, passive deformation, bio-inspired robotics
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