Microbial Diversity and Bioprospecting

Abstract

Table of Contents Section 1. Introduction: The Rationale Biotechnology, The Art of Exploiting Biology, Alan T. Bull Section 2. Microbial Diversity: The Resource Preamble, Alan T. Bull An Overview of Microbial Diversity--Estimating the Scale, Alan T. Bull and James E.M. Stach Defining Microbial Diversity--The Species Concept for Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Ramon Rossello-Mora and Peter Kampfer Speciation and Bacterial Phylospecies, James T. Staley Approaches to Identification, Fergus G. Priest Eukaryotic Diversity--A Synoptic View, Laura A. Katz Section 3. Microbial Ecology: The Key to Discovery Preamble, Alan T. Bull How to Look, Where to Look, Alan T. Bull Culture-Dependent Microbiology, John C. Fry Culture-Independent Microbiology, Kornelia Smalla Resuscitation of Uncultured Microorganisms, Douglas B. Kell, Galya V. Mukamolova, Christopher L. Finan, Hongjuan Zhao, Royston Goodacre, Arseny S. Kaprelyants, and Michael Young Soils--The Metagenomic Approach, Jo Handelsman Deep Biospheres, R. John Parkes and Pete Wellsbury Earth's Icy Biosphere, John C. Priscu and Brent C. Christner Extremophiles: pH, Temperature and Salinity, Constantinos E. Vorgias and Garabed Antranikian Extremophiles: Pressure, Fumiyoshi Abe, Chiaki Kato, and Koki Horikoshi Life in Extremely Dilute Environments: The Major Role of Oligobacteria, D.K. Button Anaerobes: The Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria as an Example of Metabolic Diversity, Guy Fauque and Bernard Ollivier Microbes from Marine Sponges: A Treasure Trove of Biodiversity for Natural Products Discovery, Russell T. Hill Invertebrates--Insects, John A. Breznak Microbial Symbioses with Plants, Peter Jeffries Section 4. Biogeography and Mappy Microbial Diversity Preamble, Alan T. Bull Ubiquitous Dispersal of Free-Living Microorganisms, Bland J. Finlay and Genoveva F. Esteban Microbial Endemism and Biogeography, Brian P. Hedlund and James T. Staley Mapping Microbial Diversity Case Study: The Yellowstone National Park Microbial Database and Map Server, Daphne L. Stoner, Randy Lee, Luke White, and Ron Rope Section 5. The Paradigm Shift: Bioinformatics Preamble, Alan T. Bull The Paradigm Shift in Microbial Prospecting, Alan T. Bull Genomics, Karen E. Nelson Bacterial Proteomics, Philip Cash Phenomics, Jennifer L. Reed, Stephen S. Fong, and Bernard O. Palsson Phylogeny and Functionality: Taxonomy as a Roadmao to Genes, Alan C. Ward and Michael Goodfellow Section 6. Prospecting: The Targets Preamble, Alan T. Bull Sectors and Markets, Alan T. Bull Screening for Bioactivity, Hans-Peter Fiedler Antimicrobials, William R. Strohl Pharmacologically Active Agents of Microbial Origin, Stephen K. Wrigley Bioprospecting for Industrial Enzymes: Importance of Integrated Technology Platforms for Successful Biocatalyst Development, Thomas Schafer and Torben Vedel Borchert Plant Growth Promoting Agents, James M. Lynch Biotreatment, Linda Louise Blackall and Christine Yeates Bioprospecting Novel Antifoulants and Anti-Biofilm Agents from Microbes, Carola Holmstrom, Peter Steinberg, and Staffan Kjelleberg Section 7. Conservation of Microbial Gene Pools Preamble, Alan T. Bull Extinction and the Loss of Evolutionary History, Alan T. Bull What is the Evidence for the Loss of Microbial Diversity? James Borneman Section 8. Convention on Biological Diversity: Implications for Microbial Prospecting Preamble, Alan T. Bull The Convention on Biological Diversity and Benefit-Sharing, Kerry ten Kate The Historical Context of Present Bioprospecting--Four Cases, Hanne Svarstad Biodiversity Prospecting: The INBio Experience, Giselle Tamayo, Lorena Guevara, and Rodrigo Gamez Contracts for Bioprospecting: The Yellowstone National Park Experience, Holly Doremus Natural Products Research Partnerships with Multiple Objectives in Global Diversity Hotspots: Nine Years of the ICBG Program, Joshua P. Rosenthal and Flora N. Katz Section 9. Conclusion The Value of Biodiversity, David W. Pearce