Cited by 491Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal Infections and StudiesFungal Plant Pathogen Control

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In vitro activities of posaconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against a large collection of clinically important molds and yeasts.

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Sabatelli, F., Patel, R., Mann, P. A., Mendrick, C. A., Norris, C. C., Hare, R., Loebenberg, D., Black, T. A., McNicholas, P. M.·2006·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

DOI 10.1128/aac.00163-06

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Abstract

The in vitro activity of the novel triazole antifungal agent posaconazole (Noxafil; SCH 56592) was assessed in 45 laboratories against approximately 19,000 clinically important strains of yeasts and molds. The activity of posaconazole was compared with those of itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against subsets of the isolates. Strains were tested utilizing Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods using RPMI 1640 medium (except for amphotericin B, which was frequently tested in antibiotic medium 3). MICs were determined at the recommended endpoints and time intervals. Against all fungi in the database (22,850 MICs), the MIC(50) and MIC(90) values for posaconazole were 0.063 microg/ml and 1 mug/ml, respectively. MIC(90) values against all yeasts (18,351 MICs) and molds (4,499 MICs) were both 1 mug/ml. In comparative studies against subsets of the isolates, posaconazole was more active than, or within 1 dilution of, the comparator drugs itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against approximately 7,000 isolates of Candida and Cryptococcus spp. Against all molds (1,702 MICs, including 1,423 MICs for Aspergillus isolates), posaconazole was more active than or equal to the comparator drugs in almost every category. Posaconazole was active against isolates of Candida and Aspergillus spp. that exhibit resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B and was much more active than the other triazoles against zygomycetes. Posaconazole exhibited potent antifungal activity against a wide variety of clinically important fungal pathogens and was frequently more active than other azoles and amphotericin B.

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Denardi, L. B., Dalla-Lana, B. H., de Jesus, F. P. K., Severo, C. B., Santúrio, J. M., Zanette, R. A., & Alves, S. H. (2017) · The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2017.10.005 · Cited by 34
The Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis
Pfaller, M. A., & Diekema, D. J. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555817176.ch29 · Cited by 33
Cost-Effectiveness of Posaconazole Compared with Standard Azole Therapy for Prevention of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients at High Risk in Switzerland
Greiner, R.-A., Meier, Y., Papadopoulos, G., O’Sullivan, A. K., & Imhof, A. (2010) · Oncology · doi:10.1159/000313696 · Cited by 33
“During the past decade, clinical management of IFIs has improved with the development of new antifungal drug classes and diagnostic tools; however, because the diagnosis of IFIs remains difficult, clinicians often treat high-risk patients prophylactically in an attempt to improve outcomes.Posaconazole is an extended-s…”
Background
Therapeutic drug monitoring of posaconazole oral suspension in paediatric patients younger than 13 years of age: a retrospective analysis and literature review
Jancel, T., Shaw, P. A., Hallahan, C. W., Kim, T., Freeman, A. F., Holland, S. M., & Penzak, S. R. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/jcpt.12483 · Cited by 33
“Posaconazole is an extended-spectrum triazole antifungal with potent in vitro activity against pathogenic yeasts and moulds.(1) In the United States, the oral suspension, delayed-release tablet and intravenous formulation of posaconazole are indicated for the prophylaxis of invasive Aspergillus and Candida infections…”
Background
Antifungal Susceptibility of Bloodstream Candida Isolates in Sfax Hospital: Tunisia
Sellami, A., Sellami, H., Néji, S., Makni, F., Abbes, S., Cheikhrouhou, F., Chelly, H., Bouaziz, M., Hammami, B., Jemâa, M. B., et al. (2010) · Mycopathologia · doi:10.1007/s11046-010-9388-0 · Cited by 32
“In previous studies and here, C. albicans was the most susceptible specie to posaconazole, while posaconazole was less active against C. glabrata [ 32 , 33].”
Trough concentration of itraconazole and its relationship with efficacy and safety: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Nie, X., Yu, Y., Gu, J. P., & Zhao, L. (2018) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s170706 · Cited by 32
“Previous studies 37–39 showed the MIC90 (MIC at which 90% of isolates were inhibited) of itraconazole for most yeasts and molds was between 0.25 and 1.0 mg/L.”
Influential
Identification of Curvularia lunata by polymerase chain reaction in a case of fungal endophthalmitis
Alex, D., Li, D., Calderone, R., & Peters, S. M. (2013) · Medical Mycology Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.mmcr.2013.07.001 · Cited by 32
“Antifungal susceptibility testing was also performed against a range of antifungal agents and the results were used as a guide in treatment.”
Method
Dynamics ofin vitro acquisition of resistance byCandida parapsilosisto different azoles
Silva, A. P., Costa‐de‐Oliveira, S., Silva-Dias, A., Pina‐Vaz, C., & Rodrigues, A. G. (2009) · FEMS Yeast Research · doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00508.x · Cited by 35
“, 2004; Akins, 2005), meaning that these two antifungals can still inhibit the target at a point when fluconazole and voriconazole are no longer active (Sabatelli et al., 2006).”
Background
Targeted Disruption of Melanin Biosynthesis Genes in the Human Pathogenic Fungus Lomentospora prolificans and Its Consequences for Pathogen Survival
Al-laaeiby, A. I. E., Kershaw, M. J., Penn, T. J., & Thornton, C. R. (2016) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms17040444 · Cited by 32
“1 of the fungus is resistant to concentrations >16 μg/mL, consistent with other studies [13–18].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Aspergillus viridinutans: an agent of adult chronic invasive aspergillosis
Coelho, D., Silva, S. P., Vale-Silva, L. A., Gomes, H. C., Pinto, E., Sarmento, A., & Pinheiro, M. D. (2011) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.3109/13693786.2011.556672 · Cited by 31
A Population Pharmacokinetic Model for a Solid Oral Tablet Formulation of Posaconazole
van Iersel, M. L. P. S., Rossenu, S., de Greef, R., & Waskin, H. A. (2018) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.02465-17 · Cited by 31
“5 mg/liter is the MIC90 for the most clinically important Aspergillus species (17).”
Background
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antifungal Agents in Critically Ill Patients: Is There a Need for Dose Optimisation?
Baracaldo-Santamaría, D., Cala-García, J., Medina-Rincón, G. J., Rojas-Rodríguez, L. C., & Calderón‐Ospina, C. (2022) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics11050645 · Cited by 35
“, and Rhizomucor pusillus infections [141].”
Safety and efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B for the empirical therapy of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients
Chandrasekar, P. H., & Miceli (2012) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s22587 · Cited by 32
New and Investigational Triazole Agents for the Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections
Sarro, A. D., Camera, E. L., & Fera, M. T. (2008) · Journal of Chemotherapy · doi:10.1179/joc.2008.20.6.661 · Cited by 30
Antifungal prophylaxis in haematology patients: the role of voriconazole
Hicheri, Y., Cook, G., & Cordonnier, C. (2012) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03772.x · Cited by 30
“Also still unknown are the most effective agents for antifungal prophylaxis in HCT recipients or patients receiving chemotherapy for haematological disease (Table 1) [31,32,34,40–48], even though mould-active azoles seem to have the most potential in these settings.”
Background
Clinical Evaluation of the Sensititre YeastOne Plate for Testing Susceptibility of Filamentous Fungi to Posaconazole
Patel, R. J., Mendrick, C. A., Knapp, C. C., Grist, R., & McNicholas, P. M. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.00287-07 · Cited by 30
“Posaconazole is a new azole antifungal with a broad spectrum of activity, including activity against filamentous molds, such as the zygomycetes, that were not previously regarded as being susceptible to azoles (4).”
BackgroundResult
Synergistic antifungal evaluation of over-the-counter antifungal creams with turmeric essential oil or Aloe vera gel against pathogenic fungi
Ogidi, C. O., Ojo, A. E., Ajayi-Moses, O. B., Aladejana, O. M., Thonda, O. A., & Akinyele, B. J. (2021) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-021-03205-5 · Cited by 33
“[31] tested triazoles against wide number of clinically important pathogenic fungi (19,000 yeast and mould) and found out that, species of Candida and Aspergillus exhibited resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B except posaconazole that was more efficient.”
Background
Diagnostik und Therapie der Keratomykose
Behrens‐Baumann, W. (2009) · Der Ophthalmologe · doi:10.1007/s00347-009-1925-1 · Cited by 30
Single‐dose pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime and fluconazole during concurrent clinical use in cold‐stunned Kemp’s ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii)
Innis, C. J., Ceresia, M. L., Merigo, C., Weber, E. S., & Papich, M. G. (2011) · Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01290.x · Cited by 30
Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of the Complexes of Posaconazole with β- and 2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin
Tang, P., Wang, L., Ma, X., Xu, K., Xiong, X., Liao, X., & Li, H. (2016) · AAPS PharmSciTech · doi:10.1208/s12249-016-0497-z · Cited by 30
Posaconazole: A New Agent for the Prevention and Management of Severe, Refractory or Invasive Fungal Infections
Page, A. V., & Liles, W. C. (2008) · Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1155/2008/825901 · Cited by 29
“In addition, posaconazole was more active than voriconazole against the zygomycetes, more active than amphotericin B against A terreus, and more active than both against Penicillium species and Paecilomyces species (31,39).”
Background
Medical Mycology : Current Trends and Future Prospects
Razzaghi‐Abyaneh, M., Shams‐Ghahfarokhi, M., & Rai, M. (2019) · Cited by 29
Synthesis, molecular docking and comparative efficacy of various alkyl/aryl thioureas as antibacterial, antifungal and α-amylase inhibitors
Larik, F. A., Saeed, A., Faisal, M., Channar, P. A., Azam, S. S., Ismail, H., Dilshad, E., & Mirza, B. (2018) · Computational Biology and Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.10.007 · Cited by 29
Efficacy of Voriconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus Infection Depends on Host Immune Function
Rosowski, E. E., He, J., Huisken, J., Keller, N. P., & Anna Huttenlocher, A. (2019) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00917-19 · Cited by 29
In Vitro Susceptibilities of Invasive Isolates of Candida Species: Rapid Increase in Rates of Fluconazole Susceptible-Dose Dependent Candida glabrata Isolates
Ruan, S., Chu, C., & Hsueh, P. (2008) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00323-08 · Cited by 28
Posaconazole as salvage treatment of invasive fungal infections in patients with underlying renal impairment
Hachem, R. Y., Langston, A. A., Graybill, J. R., Perfect, J. R., Pedicone, L. D., Patino, H., & RAAD, I. I. (2008) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkn401 · Cited by 29
“HSCT 25 (38) 48 (28) neutropenia 6 (9) 27 (16)”
Antifungal therapy
Gubbins, P. O., & Anaissie, E. J. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5680-5.00007-4 · Cited by 29
In vitro and in vivo activities of posaconazole against zygomycetes with various degrees of susceptibility
Spreghini, E., Orlando, F., Giannini, D., & Barchiesi, F. (2010) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkq276 · Cited by 28
Posaconazole for the treatment of mucormycosis
Enoch, D., Aliyu, S. H., Sule, O., Lewis, S. J., & Karas, J. A. (2011) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.05.010 · Cited by 28
Targeting CYP 51 for drug design by the contributions of molecular modeling
Rabelo, V. W., Santos, T. F., Terra, L., Santana, M. V., Castro, H. C., Rodrigues, C. R., & Abreu, P. A. (2016) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/fcp.12230 · Cited by 29
Posaconazole Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Cats after Oral and Intravenous Administration
Mawby, D. I., Whittemore, J. C., Fowler, L. E., & Papich, M. G. (2016) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/jvim.14523 · Cited by 28
“It is approved for use in human medicine and has been shown to be a potent antifungal agent against clinically important yeast and filamentous fungi.(6) Topical forms (otic preparations) are approved for use in dogs.”
Background
Pharmacokinetics and Relative Bioavailability of Orally Administered Innovator-Formulated Itraconazole Capsules and Solution in Healthy Dogs
Hasbach, A. E., Langlois, D. K., Rosser, E. J., & Papich, M. G. (2017) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/jvim.14779 · Cited by 28
“5 lg/mL.(28) As such, ITZ dosages of 5 mg/kg can be used to treat systemic blastomycosis,(29,30) whereas dosages of 10 mg/kg may increase the risk of adverse drug effects without improving cure rates.”
Background
Posaconazole in immunocompromised pediatric patients
Vicenzi, E. B., & Cesaro, S. (2018) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1490177 · Cited by 27
In vitro activities of eight antifungal drugs against 70 clinical and environmental isolates of Alternaria species
Badali, H., de Hoog, S., Curfs-Breuker, I., Andersen, B., & Meis, J. F. G. M. (2009) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkp109 · Cited by 27
“Among the azoles, fluconazole showed uniform low activities against Alternaria species in this and previous studies.(4,5) Except one report involving 11 isolates,(5) itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole had good in vitro activity.”
Result
In Vitro Activities of New Triazole Antifungal Agents, Posaconazole and Voriconazole, Against Oral Candida Isolates from Patients Suffering from Denture Stomatitis
Marcos‐Arias, C., Eraso, E., Madariaga, L., Carrillo‐Muñoz, A. J., & Quindós, G. (2011) · Mycopathologia · doi:10.1007/s11046-011-9460-4 · Cited by 26
“Further analysis of cross-resistance between FLC, ITC, PSC and VRC has been reported by Sabatelli et al. [ 59 ] who concluded that isolates with elevated MICs to one azole were generally less susceptible to the rest of”
Background
Newer antifungal agents for invasive fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancy
Rogers, T. R., & Frost, S. (2008) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07412.x · Cited by 26
“It has a broad spectrum of antifungal activity that includes Candida spp, Trichsporon spp, Cryp. neoformans, Aspergillus spp, other moulds including dimorphic fungi and importantly zygomycetes (Sabatelli et al, 2006).”
Background
Isolation, identification and susceptibility of Pyrenochaeta romeroi in a case of eumycetoma of the foot in the UK
Cerar, D., Malallah, Y. M., Howard, S. J., Bowyer, P., & Denning, D. W. (2009) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.08.004 · Cited by 26
Reliable and Easy-To-Use Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Fluconazole, Isavuconazole, Itraconazole, Hydroxy-Itraconazole, Posaconazole, and Voriconazole in Human Plasma and Serum
Müller, C., Gehlen, D. B., Blaich, C., Prozeller, D., Liss, B., Streichert, T., & Wiesen, M. H. J. (2017) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/ftd.0000000000000438 · Cited by 25
Molecular Basis for Enhanced Activity of Posaconazole against Absidia corymbifera and Rhizopus oryzae
Chau, A. S., Chen, G., McNicholas, P. M., & Mann, P. A. (2006) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00747-06 · Cited by 25
“Posaconazole, a novel azole antifungal agent, appears to be unique among the azoles in having both in vitro activity (13) and proven clinical efficacy against this class of pathogens (6, 7, 14, 15).”
Background
In Vitro Susceptibility to Posaconazole of 1,903 Yeast Isolates Recovered in France from 2003 to 2006 and Tested by the Method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Lortholary, O., Dannaoui, É., Raoux‐Barbot, D., Hoinard, D., Datry, A., Paugam, A., Poirot, J.-L., Lacroix, C., & Dromer, F. (2007) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00496-07 · Cited by 25
“glabrata isolates, the posaconazole MIC90 values determined here were slightly higher than those reported elsewhere (1, 11).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Posaconazole pharmacokinetics after administration of an intravenous solution, oral suspension, and delayed-release tablet to dogs
Kendall, J., & Papich, M. G. (2015) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.2460/ajvr.76.5.454 · Cited by 24
“Compared with other antifungal drugs currently administered to dogs, posaconazole 2,3 potential for posaconazole as an anti-fungal treatment in dogs.”
Background
Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Posaconazole in Critically Ill Patients
Sime, F. B., Stuart, J., Butler, J., Starr, T., Wallis, S. C., Pandey, S., Lipman, J., & Roberts, J. A. (2018) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00242-18 · Cited by 23
“molds, including Aspergillus, Candida, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium, and Zygomycetes (4).”
The Ssk1p Response Regulator and Chk1p Histidine Kinase Mutants of Candida albicans Are Hypersensitive to Fluconazole and Voriconazole
Chauhan, N., Kruppa, M., & Calderone, R. (2007) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00929-07 · Cited by 24
Antifungal activity of statins and their interaction with amphotericin B against clinically important Zygomycetes
Galgóczy, L., Lukács, G., Nyilasi, I., Papp, T., & Vágvölgyi, C. (2010) · Acta Biologica Hungarica · doi:10.1556/abiol.61.2010.3.11 · Cited by 23
Posaconazole plasma concentration in pediatric patients receiving antifungal prophylaxis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Heinz, W., Stanchi, K. M. C., Klinker, H., Blume, O. R., Feucht, J., Hartmann, U., Feuchtinger, T. F., Lang, P., Handgretinger, R., & Döring, M. (2015) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1093/mmy/myv087 · Cited by 23

Authors: Sabatelli, F., Patel, R., Mann, P. A., Mendrick, C. A., Norris, C. C., Hare, R., Loebenberg, D., Black, T. A., & McNicholas, P. M.
Affiliations: Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
ORCID: Mann, P. A.
Venue: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2006-06
Volume: 50
Issue: 6
Pages: 2009-2015
ISSN: 0066-4804 (ISSN-L)
1098-6596
DOI: 10.1128/aac.00163-06
OpenAlex: W2139126851
Cited by: 491
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 28.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Keywords: posaconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, antifungal susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration, molds, yeast, Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Zygomycetes, triazole antifungals, antifungal resistance, in vitro antifungal activity
MeSH terms: Amphotericin B, Antifungal Agents, Aspergillosis, Aspergillus, Candida, Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus, Fungi, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycoses, Pyrimidines, Triazoles, Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Voriconazole, In Vitro Techniques

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In vitro activities of posaconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against a large collection of clinically important molds and yeasts.

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