The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Low Prevalence of fks1 Hot Spot 1 Mutations in a Worldwide Collection of Candida Strains
Open accessAbstract
We evaluated the prevalence of fks1 hot spot (HS) 1 mutations among 133 Candida strains from six species displaying various caspofungin MIC values (from < or =0.008 to >8 microg/ml). Only 4 (2.9%) strains displayed FKS1 HS1 amino acid substitutions: 1 C. albicans (F641Y) among 32 isolates tested (3.1%), 1 C. glabrata (S645P) among 34 isolates tested (2.9%), and 2 C. tropicalis (F641S) among 12 isolates tested (16.7%). The 4 isolates displaying FKS1 HS1 alterations showed elevated caspofungin MIC results (1 to >8 microg/ml) but lower anidulafungin and micafungin MIC values (0.12 to 4 microg/ml and 0.25 to 4 microg/ml, respectively) in some instances within the wild-type MIC population, as determined using the epidemiologic cutoff values (ECV). Candida krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. guilliermondii isolates tested showed no FKS1 HS1 alterations regardless of echinocandin MIC result. We additionally analyzed 8 C. albicans and 7 C. glabrata strains for mutations on other HS regions of fks1 and fks2. Three C. glabrata strains showed alterations on FKS2 HS1 (two S645P and one L644W). In general, strains displaying S645P alteration showed higher echinocandin MIC values than strains harboring other mutations. Overall, Candida spp. strains showing caspofungin MIC values within the ECV did not display fks HS mutations. In contrast, strains showing alterations in this region displayed anidulafungin and/or micafungin MIC values within the wild-type population, suggesting that caspofungin could be the most sensitive agent for detection of these resistance mutations. Furthermore, results from this large, geographically diverse Candida spp. collection demonstrated that fks1 HS1 mutations remain uncommon among isolates with various echinocandin MIC levels.
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“Additional resistance mechanisms may remain to be described given that Fks mutations have not been identified in some echinocandin-resistant isolates [20], [37], [40], and that isolates with identical Fks mutations exhibit different resistance phenotypes with distinct responses to cellular perturbations [41].”
From Global Analysis of the Evolution and Mechanism of Echinocandin Resistance in Candida glabrata (2012) · cites this paper as [40]
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“It has been suggested that these FKS polymorphisms reduce the affinity to echinocandins of the glucan synthase by two to three orders of magnitude compared to the wild-type enzyme [106,107].”
From Evolutionary Emergence of Drug Resistance in Candida Opportunistic Pathogens (2018) · cites this paper as [106]
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Citations
Cites
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Wild-Type MIC Distributions and Epidemiological Cutoff Values for the Echinocandins and Candida spp
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L. B., Hollis, R. J., Kroeger, J. S., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Jones, R. N., Turnidge, J. D., & Diekema, D. J. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.01590-09 · Cited by 154
Self-citationAcquired resistance to echinocandins in Candida albicans: case report and review
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Treatment of Invasive Candidal Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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Anidulafungin in the treatment of patients with invasive candidiasis
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Turnidge, J. D., Castanheira, M., & Jones, R. N. (2019) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy358 · Cited by 825
Self-citationPfaller, M. A., Castanheira, M., Lockhart, S. R., Ahlquist, A. M., Messer, S. A., & Jones, R. N. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.06112-11 · Cited by 377
Self-citationEchinocandin resistance in Candida.
Perlin, D. S. (2015) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/civ791 · Cited by 374
Mechanisms of echinocandin antifungal drug resistance
Perlin, D. S. (2015) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12831 · Cited by 313
An Update on Candida tropicalis Based on Basic and Clinical Approaches
Zuza-Alves, D. L., Rocha, W. P. D. S., & Chaves, G. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01927 · Cited by 314
Metadata
- Authors
- Castanheira, M., Woosley, L. N., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Jones, R. N., & Pfaller, M. A.
- Affiliations
- JMI Laboratories (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2655-2659
- ISSN
- 0066-4804 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-6596
- PMC
- PMC2876398
- OpenAlex
- W2027821217
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Astellas Pharma
- Astellas Pharma Global Development
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Keywords
- Candida, echinocandin resistance, caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin, FKS1, FKS2, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida guilliermondii, antifungal susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Antifungal Agents, Base Sequence, Candida, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, DNA, Fungal, Fungal Proteins, Genes, Fungal, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Species Specificity, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Amino Acid Substitution, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Candida glabrata, Echinocandins, In Vitro Techniques
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