Determination of bacterial number and biomass in the marine environment
Open accessAbstract
Three techniques for the measurement of bacterial numbers and biomass in the marine environment are described. Two are direct methods for counting bacteria. The first employs an epifluorescence microscope to view bacteria that have been concentrated on membrane filters and stained with acridine orange. The second uses a transmission electron microscope for observing replicas of bacteria that are concentrated on membrane filters. The other technique uses Limulus amebocyte lysate, an aqueous extract from the amebocytes of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, to quantitate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in seawater samples. The biomass of gram-negative (LPS containing) bacteria was shown to be related to the LPS content of the samples. A factor of 6.35 was determined for converting LPS to bacterial carbon.
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Lipopolysaccharide content per cell varies substantially even within the same strain because bacteria can adapt lipopolysaccharide production according to environmental conditions.
“LPS content per cell is known to vary substantially even within the same strain because bacteria can adapt LPS production according to environmental conditions, 45”
From <i>Bacteroides vulgatus</i> and <i>Bacteroides dorei</i> Reduce Gut Microbial Lipopolysaccharide Production and Inhibit Atherosclerosis (2018) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Watson, S. W., Novitsky, T. J., Quinby, H. L., & Valois, F. W.
- Venue
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1977-04
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 940-946
- ISSN
- 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5336
- PMC
- PMC170794
- OpenAlex
- W1750364302
- Cited by
- 590
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 26.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Keywords
- marine bacteria, bacterial abundance, bacterial biomass, epifluorescence microscopy, acridine orange staining, membrane filtration, transmission electron microscopy, Limulus amebocyte lysate, lipopolysaccharide, Gram-negative bacteria, bacterial carbon, seawater
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Bacteriological Techniques, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Horseshoe Crabs, Lipopolysaccharides, Microscopy, Electron, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Seawater, Water Microbiology
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