Variation in Biofilm Formation among Strains of Listeriamonocytogenes
Open accessAbstract
Contamination of food by Listeria monocytogenes is thought to occur most frequently in food-processing environments where cells persist due to their ability to attach to stainless steel and other surfaces. Once attached these cells may produce multicellular biofilms that are resistant to disinfection and from which cells can become detached and contaminate food products. Because there is a correlation between virulence and serotype (and thus phylogenetic division) of L. monocytogenes, it is important to determine if there is a link between biofilm formation and disease incidence for L. monocytogenes. Eighty L. monocytogenes isolates were screened for biofilm formation to determine if there is a robust relationship between biofilm formation, phylogenic division, and persistence in the environment. Statistically significant differences were detected between phylogenetic divisions. Increased biofilm formation was observed in Division II strains (serotypes 1/2a and 1/2c), which are not normally associated with food-borne outbreaks. Differences in biofilm formation were also detected between persistent and nonpersistent strains isolated from bulk milk samples, with persistent strains showing increased biofilm formation relative to nonpersistent strains. There were no significant differences detected among serotypes. Exopolysaccharide production correlated with cell adherence for high-biofilm-producing strains. Scanning electron microscopy showed that a high-biofilm-forming strain produced a dense, three-dimensional structure, whereas a low-biofilm-forming strain produced a thin, patchy biofilm. These data are consistent with data on persistent strains forming biofilms but do not support a consistent relationship between enhanced biofilm formation and disease incidence.
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In ruthenium red stain in milk agar plates, non-ropy colonies appear red, while ropy colonies from EPS producers remain white.
“Non-ropy colonies appear red, while ropy colonies from EPS producers remain white [87].”
From Lactic Acid Bacteria Exopolysaccharides Producers: A Sustainable Tool for Functional Foods (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
The Methods describe ruthenium red staining on glass slides and in PVC microplates, and the Results discuss dye uptake by biofilms. Our copy does not describe ruthenium red staining on milk agar or say whether ropy and non-ropy colonies appear white or red (searched: ropy colonies, milk agar, colony morphology). (LLM, conf=0.73)
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- Authors
- Borucki, M. K., Peppin, J. D., White, D., Loge, F., & Call, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- Washington State University (US)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology
- Venue
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 7336-7342
- ISSN
- 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5336
- PMC
- PMC309931
- OpenAlex
- W2163800706
- Cited by
- 519
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 8.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- Listeria monocytogenes, biofilm formation, serotypes, exopolysaccharide production, cell adhesion, persistent strains, food processing environments, food poisoning
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteriological Techniques, Culture Media, Humans, Listeria monocytogenes, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Milk, Phylogeny, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Polyvinyl Chloride, Serotyping, Stainless Steel, Biofilms
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