CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 306Antibiotic Resistance in BacteriaEnterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter ResearchBacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing

Population Genetics of the Nomenspecies Enterobacter cloacae

Open access
Hoffmann, Harald, Roggenkamp, Andreas·2003·Applied and Environmental Microbiology
DOI 10.1128/aem.69.9.5306-5318.2003PMC PMC194928
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The genetic heterogeneity of the nomenspecies Enterobacter cloacae is well known. Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter cancerogenus, Enterobacter dissolvens, Enterobacter hormaechei, Enterobacter kobei, and Enterobacter nimipressuralis are closely related to it and are subsumed in the so-called E. cloacae complex. DNA-DNA hybridization studies performed previously identified at least five DNA-relatedness groups of this complex. In order to analyze the genetic structure and the phylogenetic relationships between the clusters of the nomenspecies E. cloacae, 206 strains collected from 22 hospitals, a veterinarian, and an agricultural center in 11 countries plus all 13 type strains of the genus and reference strain CDC 1347-71(R) were examined with a combination of sequence and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses of the three housekeeping genes hsp60, rpoB, and hemB as well as ampC, the gene of a class C beta-lactamase. Based on the neighbor-joining tree of the hsp60 sequences, 12 genetic clusters (I to XII) and an unstable sequence crowd (xiii) were identified. The robustness of the genetic clusters was confirmed by analyses of rpoB and hemB sequences and ampC PCR-RFLPs. Sequence crowd xiii split into two groups after rpoB analysis. Only three strains formed a cluster with the type strain of E. cloacae, indicating that the minority of isolates identified as E. cloacae truly belong to the species; 13% of strains grouped with other type strains of the genus, suggesting that the phenotypes of these species seem to be more heterogeneous than so far believed. Three clusters represented 70% of strains, but none of them included a type or reference strain. The genetic clustering presented in this study might serve as a framework for future studies dealing with taxonomic, evolutionary, epidemiological, or pathogenetic characteristics of bacteria belonging to the E. cloacae complex.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1128/aem.69.9.5306-5318.2003

Cites

46 of 46 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The E. hormaechei phylogeny included 1,023 reference genomes from humans as well as other animals, food, and natural environments and 38 food strains (n = 19 from cheese, 7 from American spinach, and 5 from Asian fermented soybeans), and at least 5 subspecies were detected in accordance with literature (all but subsp. oharae found in humans and food).

    “The phylogeny included 1,023 reference genomes from humans as well as other animals, food, and natural environments and 38 food strains ( n = 19 from cheese, 7 from American spinach, 62 and 5 from Asian fermented soybeans), and we detected at least 5 subspecies in accordance with literature 111 (all but subsp. oharae found in humans and food).”

    From Unexplored microbial diversity from 2,500 food metagenomes and links with the human microbiome. (2024) · cites this paper as [111]

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 2 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [21]Grimont, F., and P. A. Grimont. 1992. The genus Enterobacter, p. 2797-2815. In A. Balows, H. G. Trüper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, and K. H. Schleifer (ed.), The procaryotes, 2nd ed. Springer Verlag, New York, N.Y.
  2. [36]Rottman, M., Y. Benzerara, B. Hanau-Bercot, C. Bizet, A. Philippon, and G. Arlet. 2002. Chromosomal ampC genes in Enterobacter species other than Enterobacter cloacae, and ancestral association of the ACT-1 plasmid-encoded cephalosporinase to Enterobacter asburiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 210:87-92. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Hoffmann, H., & Roggenkamp, A.
Affiliations
Max-von-Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie (DE)
Corresponding author
Roggenkamp, Andreas
ORCID
Hoffmann, Harald
Venue
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Published
2003-09
Volume
69
Issue
9
Pages
5306-5318
ISSN
  • 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-5336
DOI
10.1128/aem.69.9.5306-5318.2003
PMC
PMC194928
OpenAlex
W2155623469
Cited by
306
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 8
FWCI
3.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Keywords
Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, genetic heterogeneity, bacterial taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, housekeeping genes, HSP60, rpoB, AmpC beta-lactamase, PCR-RFLP, DNA-DNA hybridization, Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter hormaechei, Enterobacter kobei, Enterobacter cancerogenus, genetic groups, hospital isolates
MeSH terms
Anti-Bacterial Agents, Base Sequence, DNA, Bacterial, Multigene Family, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enterobacter cloacae, DNA Primers, Chaperonin 60

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review