The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Human Bocavirus: Passenger or Pathogen in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections?
Open accessAbstract
SUMMARY: Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly identified virus tentatively assigned to the family Parvoviridae , subfamily Parvovirinae , genus Bocavirus . HBoV was first described in 2005 and has since been detected in respiratory tract secretions worldwide. Herein we review the literature on HBoV and discuss the biology and potential clinical impact of this virus. Most studies have been PCR based and performed on patients with acute respiratory symptoms, from whom HBoV was detected in 2 to 19% of the samples. HBoV-positive samples have been derived mainly from infants and young children. HBoV DNA has also been detected in the blood of patients with respiratory tract infection and in fecal samples of patients with diarrhea with or without concomitant respiratory symptoms. A characteristic feature of HBoV studies is the high frequency of coinciding detections, or codetections, with other viruses. Available data nevertheless indicate a statistical association between HBoV and acute respiratory tract disease. We present a model incorporating these somewhat contradictory findings and suggest that primary HBoV infection causes respiratory tract symptoms which can be followed by prolonged low-level virus shedding in the respiratory tract. Detection of the virus in this phase will be facilitated by other infections, either simply via increased sample cell count or via reactivation of HBoV, leading to an increased detection frequency of HBoV during other virus infections. We conclude that the majority of available HBoV studies are limited by the sole use of PCR diagnostics on respiratory tract secretions, addressing virus prevalence but not disease association. The ability to detect primary infection through the development of improved diagnostic methods will be of great importance for future studies seeking to assign a role for HBoV in causing respiratory illnesses.
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“Interestingly, rhinovirus preinfection enhanced staphylococcal and streptococcal adherence, whereas measles virus and adenovirus infection decreased adherence of both bacterial species”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [259]
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“whereas measles virus and adenovirus infection decreased adherence of both bacterial species”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [259]
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“suggesting a virus-specific induced change on the host cell membrane to which all bacteria adhered in the same way (96, 259, 302).”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [259]
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Mu, S., Zhai, J., Gao, F., Guo, Y., Li, J., Guo, R., Wen, X., & Zou, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2026.1893926
Metadata
- Authors
- Schildgen, O., Müller, A., Allander, T., Mackay, I. M., Völz, S., Kupfer, B., & Simon, A.
- Affiliations
- Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
- Institute for Virology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Venue
- Clinical Microbiology Reviews
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 291-304
- ISSN
- 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-6618
- PMC
- PMC2292574
- OpenAlex
- W2106395530
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 3.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Microbiology Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Keywords
- human bocavirus, acute respiratory infections, Parvoviridae, bocavirus, viral co-detection, viral reactivation, infants and young children, respiratory secretions, viral prevalence, primary infection
- MeSH terms
- Antigens, Viral, Humans, Parvoviridae Infections, Respiratory System, Respiratory Tract Infections, Bocavirus
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