The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 87 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Our Paths Might Cross: the Role of the Fungal Cell Wall Integrity Pathway in Stress Response and Cross Talk with Other Stress Response Pathways
Open accessAbstract
Fungi occupy diverse environments and are subjected to many extreme conditions. Among the stressful conditions faced by fungi are pH changes, osmotic changes, thermal changes, oxide radicals, nutrient deprivation, and exposure to chemicals. These adversities can be found either in the environment or in animal and human hosts. The cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway provides a means to fortify and repair damages to the cell wall in order to withstand stressful environments. The CWI pathway in comprised of cell wall stress sensors that lead to activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Signaling through the MAPK cascade leads to expression of transcription factors that facilitate biosynthesis of cell wall components and actin organization. Given the relatively limited number of components of the CWI pathway and the very diverse stimuli, there must be a means of expanding the pathway. To manage the diverse stress conditions, the CWI pathway cross talks with other pathways or proteins, and these cross talk events enhance the signaling capabilities of the CWI pathway. Lateral influences that facilitate maintaining the cell wall under stress conditions are TOR signaling, calcineurin signaling, the high-osmolarity glycerol pathway, the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A pathway, and additional proteins. In this article, we highlight several of the cross talk events that have been described for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and several other fungi.
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“Caffeine and high pH are cell wall stresses and reflect general cell wall dysfunction [34].”
From The Candida glabrata Upc2A transcription factor is a global regulator of antifungal drug resistance pathways (2021) · cites this paper as [34]
Citations
Cites
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“pombe, each encoding two Tor proteins, Tor1 and Tor2 (30, 37).”
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Calcineurin is required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans
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“cerevisiae, heat shock causes the activation of Slt2/Mpk1 (28, 35, 78).”
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“Both Mpk1 and Fks1 are under the control of the CWI pathway (40).”
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“cerevisiae, indicating that PKC1 is essential (48), whereas mutations of the MAPK module are not lethal.”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nutrient sensing and signaling in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Conrad, M., Schothorst, J., Kankipati, H. N., Zeebroeck, G. V., Rubio‐Texeira, M., & Thevelein, J. M. (2014) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12065 · Cited by 630
“…the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway, a major stress-response pathway in yeast that controls actin polarization and cell wall expansion in response to various stress conditions, including heat, caffeine, nutrient starvation, cell wall damage, and actin perturbation (Fuchs & Mylonakis, 2009).”
BackgroundRegulatory circuitry governing fungal development, drug resistance, and disease.
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“cerevisiae, Pkc1, is essential under standard growth conditions and regulates the maintenance of cell wall integrity during growth and morphogenesis and in response to cell wall stress (195, 322, 650).”
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“cerevisiae that is essential under standard growth conditions and regulates maintenance of cell wall integrity during growth, morphogenesis, and response to cell wall stress [28,29,30,31].”
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“Acetic acid challenge at low pH causes activation of two mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, Hog1p, involved in the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathway (Hohmann, 2009) and Slt2p involved in cell wall integrity pathway (Fuchs and Mylonakis, 2009).”
BackgroundValiante, V., Macheleidt, J., Föge, M., & Brakhage, A. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00325 · Cited by 189
“For S. cerevisiae, cross talk between the CWI pathway and other signal transduction pathways under different conditions have been described (Fuchs and Mylonakis, 2009), but in A. fumigatus this interesting and complex field of research is just emerging.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Fuchs, B. B., & Mylonakis, E.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Eukaryotic Cell
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1616-1625
- ISSN
- 1535-9778 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-9786
- PMC
- PMC2772411
- OpenAlex
- W2136493024
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Eukaryotic Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R21AI079569, R01AI075286)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- stress response, MAPK signaling, pathway crosstalk, TOR signaling, calcineurin signaling, high-osmolarity glycerol pathway, cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, transcription factors, actin organization, cell wall biosynthesis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pH stress, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, nutrient deprivation
- MeSH terms
- Cell Wall, Fungal Proteins, Fungi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Stress, Physiological, Signal Transduction, Receptor Cross-Talk
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