Cited by 208Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityGut microbiota and healthProbiotics and Fermented Foods

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Ecology of Candida albicans gut colonization: inhibition of Candida adhesion, colonization, and dissemination from the gastrointestinal tract by bacterial antagonism

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Kennedy, M J, Volz, P A·1985·Infection and Immunity

DOI 10.1128/iai.49.3.654-663.1985PMC PMC261235

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Abstract

Antibiotic-treated and untreated Syrian hamsters were inoculated intragastrically with Candida albicans to determine whether C. albicans could opportunistically colonize the gastrointestinal tract and disseminate to visceral organs. Antibiotic treatment decreased the total population levels of the indigenous bacterial flora and predisposed hamsters to gastrointestinal overgrowth and subsequent systemic dissemination by C. albicans in 86% of the animals. Both control hamsters not given antibiotics and antibiotic-treated animals reconventionalized with an indigenous microflora showed significantly lower gut populations of C. albicans, and C. albicans organisms were cultured from the visceral organs of 0 and 10% of the animals, respectively. Conversely, non-antibiotic-treated hamsters inoculated repeatedly with C. albicans had high numbers of C. albicans in the gut, and viable C. albicans was recovered from the visceral organs of 53% of the animals. Examination of the mucosal surfaces from test and control animals indicated further that animals which contained a complex indigenous microflora had significantly lower numbers of C. albicans associated with their gut walls than did antibiotic-treated animals. The ability of C. albicans to associate with intestinal mucosal surfaces also was tested by an in vitro adhesion assay. The results indicate that the indigenous microflora reduced the mucosal association of C. albicans by forming a dense layer of bacteria in the mucus gel, out-competing yeast cells for adhesion sites, and producing inhibitor substances (possibly volatile fatty acids, secondary bile acids, or both) that reduced C. albicans adhesion. It is suggested, therefore, that the indigenous intestinal microflora suppresses C. albicans colonization and dissemination from the gut by inhibiting Candida-mucosal association and reducing C. albicans population levels in the gut.

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“Previous studies used substantially shorter duration of feeding (<3 days) (8, 14, 28).”
BackgroundMethod
Candidiasis
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“A number of studies have more carefully evaluated changes in bacterial flora and Candida GI colonization in rodents in response to antibacterial therapy than was our purpose here, and they have demonstrated enhancement of Candida colonization by various antibacterial regimens (12, 15, 16).”
Background
Candida albicans translocation across the gut mucosa following burn injury
Inoue, S., Wirman, J. A., Alexander, J. W., Trocki, O., & Cardell, R. R. (1988) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/0022-4804(88)90152-7 · Cited by 51
Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
Gizaw, A., Marami, L. M., Teshome, I., Sarba, E. J., Admasu, P., Atalel, D., Mulatu, G., Bune, W. M., Bayu, M. D., Tadesse, M., et al. (2022) · Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1155/2022/3299146 · Cited by 50
“Administration of antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs are some of the factors associated with Candida infection [22].”
Background
Cecal Colonization and Systemic Spread of Candida albicans in Mice Treated with Antibiotics and Dexamethasone
Bendel, C. M., Wiesner, S. M., Garni, R. M., Cebelinski, E. A., & Wells, C. L. (2002) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-200203000-00005 · Cited by 49
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“For example, competition between bacteria and fungi leads to stunted Candida growth.(78) The release of various compounds can drive these interactions.”
Background
Modulating effect of dietary carbohydrate supplementation on Candida albicans colonization and invasion in a neutropenic mouse model
Vargas, S. L., Patrick, C. C., Ayers, G. D., & Hughes, W. T. (1993) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.61.2.619-626.1993 · Cited by 48
“Generally, an enlarged cecum (5 to 10% of the total body weight) indicates the presence of relatively simple intestinal microflora (12, 19).”
BackgroundInfluential
CANDIDA CARRIAGE IN THE ALIMENTARY TRACT OF LIVER TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES
Kusne, S., Tobin, D., Pasculle, A. W., Thiel, D. H. V., Ho, M., & Starzl, T. E. (1994) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-199402150-00014 · Cited by 47
“There are experimental models demonstrating that animals treated with antibiotics and then “challenged” with yeast develop not only a high gastro-intestinal colonization rate, but also visceral dissemination (9).”
Background
Candidemia in HIV-Infected Subjects
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“It has been shown that most of the infections involving Candida are endogenously acquired from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract [1].”
Background
Sensing of the Microbial Neighborhood by Candida albicans
Mallick, E. M., & Bennett, R. J. (2013) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003661 · Cited by 47
Human gut bifidobacteria inhibit the growth of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans
Ricci, L., Mackie, J., Donachie, G. E., Chapuis, A. F., Mezerová, K., Lenardon, M. D., Brown, A. J. P., Duncan, S. H., & Walker, A. W. (2022) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1093/femsec/fiac095 · Cited by 45
Oral adhesion of yeasts
Olsen, I. (1990) · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016359009012733 · Cited by 41
Effect of INT1 Gene on Candida albicans Murine Intestinal Colonization
Kinneberg, K. M., Bendel, C. M., Jechorek, R. P., Cebelinski, E. A., Gale, C. A., Berman, J. G., Erlandsen, S. L., Hostetter, M. K., & Wells, C. L. (1999) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1006/jsre.1999.5755 · Cited by 41
In VitroAntifungal Activity of Equol againstCandida albicans
Lee, J., & Chee, H. Y. (2010) · Mycobiology · doi:10.4489/myco.2010.38.4.328 · Cited by 40
“Approximately 30~50% of the human population is capable of producing equol from daidzein in their GITs [7].”
BackgroundInfluential
Subgingival strains of Candida albicans in relation to geographical origin and occurrence of periodontal pathogenic bacteria
Hannula, J., Doğan, B., Slots, J., Ökte, E., & Asikainen, S. E. (2001) · Oral Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1034/j.1399-302x.2001.016002113.x · Cited by 40
Microorganisms and Diarrhea in Enterally Fed Intensive Care Unit Patients
Belknap, D. C., Davidson, L. J., & Flournoy, D. J. (1990) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607190014006622 · Cited by 38
Host defense system interactions withCandida
Greenfield, R. A. (1992) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/02681219280000141 · Cited by 62
Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses of the Cell Death Process in Candida albicans Treated by Antifungal Agents
Kim, K. S., Kim, Y., Han, I., Kim, M., Jung, M. H., & Park, H. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028176 · Cited by 36
Regulation of Candida albicans Populations in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Mechanisms and Significance in GI and Systemic Candidiasis
Kennedy, M. J. (1989) · Current topics in medical mycology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3624-5_11 · Cited by 36
Self-citation
Fecal microbiota transplantation prevents Candida albicans from colonizing the gastrointestinal tract
Matsuo, K., Haku, A., Bi, B., Takahashi, H., Kamada, N., Yaguchi, T., Saijo, S., Yoneyama, M., & Goto, Y. (2019) · Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12680 · Cited by 36
“albicans.(12,13) Although these reports suggest that commensal bacteria resist C.”
Background
CD8+T Cells but Not Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Are Required To Limit Chronic Oral Carriage ofCandida albicansin Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Marquis, M., Lewandowski, D., Dugas, V., Aumont, F., Sénéchal, S., Jolicoeur, P., Hanna, Z., & de Repentigny, L. (2006) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.74.4.2382-2391.2006 · Cited by 34
“albicans in a germfree environment (29, 30), and they were therefore devoid of a protective bacterial flora (31).”
Background
Pharmaceutical Probiotics for the Treatment of Anaerobic and Other Infections
McFarland, L. V., & Elmer, G. W. (1997) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1006/anae.1996.0062 · Cited by 33
“Attachment site competition or toxin receptor site competition has also been proposed in a few studies [36,46–49].”
Background
Hospital-Acquired Candidemia in HIV-Infected Patients. Incidence, Risk Factors and Predictors of Outcome
Bertagnolio, S., Donati, K. D. G., Tacconelli, E., Scoppettuolo, G., Posteraro, B., Fadda, G., Cauda, R., & Tumbarello, M. (2004) · Journal of Chemotherapy · doi:10.1179/joc.2004.16.2.172 · Cited by 32
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION IN THE SURGICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
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Influence of mucosal cell origin on the in vitro adherence of Candida albicans: Are mucosal cells from different sources equivalent?
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“Conversely, antibiotic treatment of hamsters decreased the number of bacteria in their intestines and promoted yeast adhesion, colonization and dissemination from the gut [8].”
Background
Candida and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea
Krause, R., & Reisinger, E. C. (2005) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.00978.x · Cited by 32
“albicans adhesion is reduced and the growth of Candida is suppressed further by the competition for growth-limiting nutrients [8–10].”
Background

Authors: Kennedy, M. J., & Volz, P. A.
Venue: Infection and Immunity
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 1985-09
Volume: 49
Issue: 3
Pages: 654-663
ISSN: 0019-9567 (ISSN-L)
1098-5522
DOI: 10.1128/iai.49.3.654-663.1985
PMC: PMC261235
OpenAlex: W1907372042
Cited by: 208
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 7.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Infection and Immunity (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Keywords: Candida albicans, intestinal colonization, bacterial antagonism, antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, systemic candidiasis, mucosal colonization, secondary bile acids, volatile fatty acids, Syrian hamster model, opportunistic fungal infection
MeSH terms: Adhesiveness, Animals, Antibiosis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Candida albicans, Cecum, Digestive System, Ecology, Cricetinae, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Mesocricetus, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena

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Ecology of Candida albicans gut colonization: inhibition of Candida adhesion, colonization, and dissemination from the gastrointestinal tract by bacterial antagonism

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