Regulation of protein A synthesis by the sar and agr loci of Staphylococcus aureus
Open accessAbstract
The synthesis of protein A in Staphylococcus aureus is regulated by global regulatory loci such as sar and agr. Phenotypic data indicate that both sar and agr suppress protein A synthesis; like agr, sar also regulates protein A production at the transcriptional level. To determine the genetic requirement of sar in protein A suppression, we transformed shuttle plasmids containing various sar fragments into a sar mutant. Our results indicated that the 560-bp sarA transcript, or, more probably, the SarA protein (13.5 kDa), is sufficient for suppressing protein A gene transcription when introduced on a multicopy plasmid or as a single copy in the chromosome. Immunoblot analysis with a chicken anti-protein A antibody also confirmed the reduction in protein A expression in these sar mutant clones. Complementation studies revealed that the transcription of the protein A gene can be suppressed in a sar mutant background by a plasmid containing RNAIII. Surprisingly, in agr deletion mutant clones and in clones derived from the agr-sar double mutant, protein A gene transcription can also be suppressed by plasmids containing the sarA transcript plus additional upstream sequence but not the sarA transcript alone. These data suggest that the sar locus can down-modulate protein A gene transcription via both RNAIII-dependent and RNAIII-independent pathways. Consistent with the hypothesis of an RNAIII-independent pathway is an additional genetic requirement for protein A suppression in the agr deletion mutant RN6911 as well as the isogenic double sar-agr mutant, whereas in the sar mutant background, the sarA transcript encoding the SarA protein alone is sufficient. These data suggested that both sar and agr are coregulators of protein A synthesis in S. aureus.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Cites
Blake, M. S., Johnston, K. H., Russell-Jones, G. J., & Gotschlich, E. C. (1984) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(84)90320-8 · Cited by 2,136 · see citing works
Synthesis of staphylococcal virulence factors is controlled by a regulatory RNA molecule.
Novick, R. P., Ross, H. F., Projan, S. J., Kornblum, J. S., Kreiswirth, B. N., & Moghazeh, S. L. (1993) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06074.x · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works
Use of staphylococcal protein A as an immunological reagent
Goding, J. W. (1978) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/0022-1759(78)90259-4 · Cited by 941 · see citing works
Janzon, L., & Arvidson, S. (1990) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08254.x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Patel, A. H., Nowlan, P., Weavers, E. D., & Foster, T. (1987) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.55.12.3103-3110.1987 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Construction of single-copy integration vectors for Staphylococcus aureus
Lee, C. Y., Buranen, S. L., & Zhi-Hai, Y. (1991) · Gene · doi:10.1016/0378-1119(91)90399-v · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Effect of protein A on staphylococcal opsonization
Peterson, P. K., Verhoef, J., Sabath, L. D., & Quie, P. G. (1977) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.15.3.760-764.1977 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Some Physicochemical Properties of Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus
Björk, I., Petersson, B., & Sjöquist, J. (1972) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb02024.x · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Cloning and sequencing of sarA of Staphylococcus aureus, a gene required for the expression of agr
Cheung, A. L., & Projan, S. J. (1994) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.176.13.4168-4172.1994 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citationThe molecular architecture of the sar locus in Staphylococcus aureus
Bayer, M. G., Heinrichs, J. H., & Cheung, A. L. (1996) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.178.15.4563-4570.1996 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationVandenesch, F., Kornblum, J. S., & Novick, R. P. (1991) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.173.20.6313-6320.1991 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Characterization of the sar locus and its interaction with agr in Staphylococcus aureus
Heinrichs, J. H., Bayer, M. G., & Cheung, A. L. (1996) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.178.2.418-423.1996 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationA Method to Isolate RNA from Gram-Positive Bacteria and Mycobacteria
Cheung, A. L., Eberhardt, K. J., & Fischetti, V. A. (1994) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1006/abio.1994.1528 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationCheung, A. L., & Fischetti, V. A. (1988) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.56.5.1061-1065.1988 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationKronvall, G., Quie, P. G., & Williams, R. C. (1970) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.104.2.273 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Regulation of alpha- and beta-hemolysins by the sar locus of Staphylococcus aureus
Cheung, A. L., & Ying, P. (1994) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.176.3.580-585.1994 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationForsgren, A. (1969) · PubMed · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Role of upstream sequences in the expression of the staphylococcal enterotoxin B gene.
Mahmood, R., & Khan, S. A. (1990) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39612-7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Regulation of the protein A-encoding gene in Staphylococcus aureus
Patel, A. H., Kornblum, J. S., Kreiswirth, B. N., Novick, R. P., & Foster, T. J. (1992) · Gene · doi:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90703-r · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Greenberg, D. P., Bayer, A. S., Cheung, A. L., et al. (1989) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.57.4.1113-1118.1989 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationCheung, A. L., Bayer, A. S., Peters, J., & Ward, J. I. (1987) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.55.4.843-847.1987 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationCOMPLEMENT ACTIVATION BY CLUMPING FACTOR AND PROTEIN A FROM STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAIN E 2371
Espersen, F. (1985) · Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section C Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1985.tb02923.x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Staphylococcus aureus Protein A Activates TNFR1 Signaling through Conserved IgG Binding Domains
Gómez, M. I., O'Seaghdha, M., Magargee, M., Foster, T. J., & Prince, A. S. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m601956200 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Soong, G., Martin, F. J., Chun, J., Cohen, T. S., Ahn, D. S., & Prince, A. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.295386 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cheung, A. L., Eberhardt, K., & Heinrichs, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cheung, A L
- Eberhardt, K
- Heinrichs, J H
- Venue
- Infection and Immunity
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1997-06
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2243-2249
- ISSN
- 0019-9567 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5522
- PMC
- PMC175310
- OpenAlex
- W2136672055
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Infection and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI37142, AI30061, R01AI037142)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Keywords
- Staphylococcus aureus, protein A, agr locus, RNAIII, transcriptional regulation, global gene regulation, complementation
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, Molecular Sequence Data, Staphylococcal Protein A, Staphylococcus aureus, Transcription, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
