Modification of the Structure and Activity of Lipid A in Yersinia pestis Lipopolysaccharide by Growth Temperature
Open accessAbstract
Yersinia pestis strain Yreka was grown at 27 or 37°C, and the lipid A structures (lipid A-27°C and lipid A-37°C) of the respective lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Lipid A-27°C consisted of a mixture of tri-acyl, tetra-acyl, penta-acyl, and hexa-acyl lipid A's, of which tetra-acyl lipid A was most abundant. Lipid A-37°C consisted predominantly of tri- and tetra-acylated molecules, with only small amounts of penta-acyl lipid A; no hexa-acyl lipid A was detected. Furthermore, the amount of 4-amino-arabinose was substantially higher in lipid A-27°C than in lipid A-37°C. By use of mouse and human macrophage cell lines, the biological activities of the LPS and lipid A preparations were measured via their abilities to induce production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In both cell lines the LPS and the lipid A from bacteria grown at 27°C were stronger inducers of TNF-α than those from bacteria grown at 37°C. However, the difference in activity was more prominent in human macrophage cells. These results suggest that in order to reduce the activation of human macrophages, it may be more advantageous for Y. pestis to produce less-acylated lipid A at 37°C.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In humans, hexa-acylated LPS potently activates TLR4 and host immunity, whereas hypo-acylated penta- and tetra-acylated LPS poorly activate TLR4 and can antagonize immune activation by hexa-acylated LPS.
“In humans, hexa-acylated LPS potently activates TLR4 and host immunity, whereas hypo-acylated penta- and tetra-acylated LPS poorly activate TLR4 and can antagonize immune activation by hexa-acylated LPS6–9.”
From Gut microbiota-derived hexa-acylated lipopolysaccharides enhance cancer immunotherapy responses (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
Cites
Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4
LAEMMLI, U. K. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/227680a0 · Cited by 249,961 · see citing works
Raza, H., John, A., & Nemmar, A. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350087 · Cited by 47,311 · see citing works
A sensitive silver stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels.
Tsai, C.-M., & Frasch, C. (1982) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(82)90673-x · Cited by 3,129 · see citing works
Westphal, O. (1965) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,537 · see citing works
A New Method for the Extraction of R Lipopolysaccharides
Galanos, C., Luderitz, O., & Westphal, O. (1969) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1969.tb00601.x · Cited by 1,872 · see citing works
Yersinia pestis--etiologic agent of plague
Perry, R. D., & Fetherston, J. D. (1997) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.10.1.35 · Cited by 1,861 · see citing works
Genome sequence of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague
Parkhill, J., Wren, B. W., Thomson, N. R., Titball, R. W., Holden, M. T. G., Prentice, M. B., Sebaihia, M., James, K., Churcher, C. M., Mungall, K. L., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35097083 · Cited by 1,244 · see citing works
Factors promoting acute and chronic diseases caused by yersiniae
Brubaker, R. R. (1991) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.4.3.309 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Lipid A-like molecules that antagonize the effects of endotoxins on human monocytes.
Golenbock, D. T., Hampton, R. Y., Qureshi, N., Takayama, K., & Raetz, C. R. H. (1991) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55023-7 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Purification and physico-chemical characterization of rabbit tumor necrosis factor.
Ruff, M. R., & Gifford, G. E. (1980) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.125.4.1671 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Bacterial Endotoxic Lipopolysaccharides
Morrison, D. C., & Ryan, J. L. (2024) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003574859 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
IL-1 induction-capacity of defined lipopolysaccharide partial structures.
Loppnow, H., Brade, H., Dürrbaum-Landmann, I., Dinarello, C. A., Kusumoto, S., Rietschel, E. T., & Flad, H.-D. (1989) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.142.9.3229 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Skurnik, M., Peippo, A., & Ervelä, E. (2000) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01993.x · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Effect of Cold Shock on Lipid A Biosynthesis inEscherichia coli
Carty, S. M., Sreekumar, K. R., & Raetz, C. R. H. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.14.9677 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Galanos, C., Luderitz, O., & Westphal, O. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Kovach, N. L., Yee, E., Munford, R. S., et al. (1990) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.172.1.77 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Rick, P. D., Fung, L. W. ‐., Ho, C., et al. (1977) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40139-6 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Kawahara, K., Brade, H., Rietschel, E., et al. (1987) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb10895.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationElimination of trace endotoxin protein from rough chemotype LPS
Manthey, C. L., & Vogel, S. N. (1994) · Journal of Endotoxin Research · doi:10.1177/096805199400100202 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
van Alphen, L., Lugtenberg, B. J. J., Rietschel, E., et al. (1979) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb19752.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Chemical Structure and Biologic Activity of Bacterial and Synthetic Lipid A
Rietschel, E., Brade, L., Brandenburg, K., et al. (1987) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/9.supplement_5.s527 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Prior, J. L., Parkhill, J., Hitchen, P. G., Mungall, K. L., Stevens, K., Morris, H. R., Reason, A. J., Oyston, P. C. F., Dell, A., Wren, B. W., et al. (2001) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10608.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Novel variation of lipid A structures in strains of different Yersinia species1
Aussel, L., Therisod, H., Karibian, D., et al. (1999) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01722-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Bacterial toxins : methods and protocols
Holst, O. (2000) · Humana Press eBooks · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pestis
Prior, J. L., Hitchen, P. G., Williamson, D. E., et al. (2001) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1006/mpat.2000.0411 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Oertelt, C., Lindner, B., Skurnik, M., et al. (2001) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.01891.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationChemical and Physical Properties of Lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pestis
Hartley, J. L., Adams, G. A., & Tornabene, T. G. (1974) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.118.3.848-854.1974 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry of Lipopolysaccharides
Lindner, B. (2003) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59259-052-7:311 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationDarveau, R. P., Charnetzky, W. T., Hurlbert, R. F., et al. (1983) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.42.3.1092-1101.1983 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Matsuura, M., Kiso, M., & Hasegawa, A. (1999) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.67.12.6286-6292.1999 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationChemical synthesis of phosphorylated fundamental structure of lipid a
Inage, M., CHAKI, H., Kusumoto, S., et al. (1981) · Tetrahedron Letters · doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)92910-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Molecular biochemistry and cellular biology
Morrison, D. C., & Ryan, J. L. (1992) · CRC Press eBooks · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Diagnosis of plaque: an analysis of the Yersin-Kitasato controversy
Bibel, D. J., & Chen, T. H. (1976) · Bacteriological Reviews · doi:10.1128/br.40.3.633-651.1976 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Funatogawa, K., Matsuura, M., Nakano, M., et al. (1998) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.66.12.5792-5798.1998 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationIsolation and Biological Characterization of Pasteurella pestis Endotoxin
Albizo, J. M., & Surgalla, M. J. (1970) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.2.3.229-236.1970 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lipopolysaccharides from Yersinia pestis
Venezia, N. D., Minka, S. R., Bruneteau, M., et al. (1985) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb09115.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Variable Diastolic Ventricular Compliance : a General Property of Mammalian Cardiac Muscle
Scherlag, B. J., Bartelstone, H. J., Wyte, S. R., et al. (1966) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2091246b0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Shimomura, H., Matsuura, M., Saito, S., Hirai, Y., Isshiki, Y., & Kawahara, K. (2001) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.69.6.3663-3669.2001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationHOMMA, Y., MATSUURA, M., & Kumazawa, Y. (1989) · Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi · doi:10.3412/jsb.44.585 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationComposition of and Physiopathology produced by Plague Endotoxins
Walker, R. V., Barnes, M. G., & Higgins, E. (1966) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2091246a0 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lipopolysaccharides d'une Souche à Virulence Atténuée de Yersinia pestis
Bordet, C., Bruneteau, M., & Michel, G. (1977) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11826.x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Comparative Physiopathology of Plague Endotoxin in Mice, Guinea Pigs and Monkeys
Walker, R. V. (1968) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/118.2.188 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chart, H., CHEASTY, T., & Rowe, B. (1995) · Letters in Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1995.tb01323.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Minka, S. R., & Bruneteau, M. (1998) · Canadian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1139/w98-029 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Krasikova, I. N., Bakholdina, S. I., Khotimchenko, S. V., et al. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gremiakova, T. A., Ki, V., Shaikhutdinova, R. Z., et al. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
From bench to bedside: stealth of enteroinvasive pathogens
Tsolis, R. M., Young, G. M., Solnick, J. V., & Bäumler, A. J. (2008) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2012 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Fux, A. C., Casonato Melo, C., Michelini, S., Swartzwelter, B. J., Neusch, A., Italiani, P., & Himly, M. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24098395 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Coats, S. R., Do, C. T., Karimi-Naser, L. M., Braham, P. H., & Darveau, R. P. (2007) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00859.x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Gut microbiota-derived hexa-acylated lipopolysaccharides enhance cancer immunotherapy responses
Sardar, P., Beresford-Jones, B. S., Xia, W., Shabana, O., Suyama, S., Ramos, R. J. F., Soderholm, A. T., Tourlomousis, P., Kuo, P., Evans, A. C., et al. (2025) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-025-01930-y · Cited by 49 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kawahara, K., Tsukano, H., Watanabe, H., Lindner, B., & Matsuura, M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Bacteriology, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo 108-8642
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases (JP)
- Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center (DE)
- Jichi Medical University (JP)
- ORCID
- Kawahara, Kazuyoshi
- Venue
- Infection and Immunity
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4092-4098
- ISSN
- 0019-9567 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5522
- PMC
- PMC128165
- OpenAlex
- W2132032241
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 3.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Infection and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Keywords
- Yersinia pestis, lipid A, lipopolysaccharide, growth temperature, acylation, TNF-α, macrophage activation, bacterial virulence
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carbohydrate Conformation, Cell Line, Humans, Lipid A, Lipopolysaccharides, Macrophages, Structure-Activity Relationship, Temperature, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Yersinia pestis, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, U937 Cells, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review