Coupling of Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Synthesis in Bacillus subtilis
Open accessAbstract
plsX (acyl-acyl carrier protein [ACP]:phosphate acyltransferase), plsY ( yneS ) (acyl-phosphate:glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase), and plsC ( yhdO ) (acyl-ACP:1-acylglycerol-phosphate acyltransferase) function in phosphatidic acid formation, the precursor to membrane phospholipids. The physiological functions of these genes was inferred from their in vitro biochemical activities, and this study investigated their roles in gram-positive phospholipid metabolism through the analysis of conditional knockout strains in the Bacillus subtilis model system. The depletion of PlsX led to the cessation of both fatty acid synthesis and phospholipid synthesis. The inactivation of PlsY also blocked phospholipid synthesis, but fatty acid formation continued due to the appearance of acylphosphate intermediates and fatty acids arising from their hydrolysis. Phospholipid synthesis ceased following PlsC depletion, but fatty acid synthesis continued at a high rate, leading to the accumulation of fatty acids arising from the dephosphorylation of 1-acylglycerol-3-P followed by the deacylation of monoacylglycerol. Analysis of glycerol 3-P acylation in B. subtilis membranes showed that PlsY was an acylphosphate-specific acyltransferase, whereas PlsC used only acyl-ACP as an acyl donor. PlsX was found in the soluble fraction of disrupted cells but was associated with the cell membrane in intact organisms. These data establish that PlsX is a key enzyme that coordinates the production of fatty acids and membrane phospholipids in B. subtilis .
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An increase in the activity levels of GPAT, PlsX and a fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase (tesA) overcomes this inhibition by detaching the fatty acid from the lipid biosynthesis.
“It appears that an increase in the activity levels of GPAT, PlsX and a fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase (tesA, EC 3.1.2.14) overcomes this inhibition by detaching the fatty acid from the lipid biosynthesis (Davis et al. 2000; Heath et al. 1994; Paoletti et al. 2007).”
From Renewable energy from Cyanobacteria: energy production optimization by metabolic pathway engineering (2011) · cites this paper as Paoletti et al. 2007
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- Authors
- Paoletti, L., Lu, Y.-J., Schujman, G. E., de Mendoza, D., & Rock, C. O.
- Affiliations
- National University of Rosario (AR)
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, and Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Corresponding author
- Rock, Charles O.
- Venue
- Journal of Bacteriology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2007-08-15
- Volume
- 189
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 5816-5824
- ISSN
- 0021-9193 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5530
- PMC
- PMC1952045
- OpenAlex
- W1995730727
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Bacteriology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (GM34496, CA 21765)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- National Institutes of Health (CA21765), GM34496)
- National Cancer Institute (CA21765, P30CA021765)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 34496, R37GM034496, R01GM034496)
- Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- Bacillus subtilis, phospholipid synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, phosphatidic acid, membrane phospholipid metabolism, monoglycerides, cell membrane association
- MeSH terms
- Bacillus subtilis, Bacterial Proteins, Fatty Acids, Genes, Bacterial, Phospholipids
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