CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 140Bacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyLipid metabolism and biosynthesisLipid Membrane Structure and Behavior

Effects of Fatty Acids on Growth and Envelope Proteins of Bacillus subtilis

Open access
Sheu, Chingju W., Freese, Ernst·1972·Journal of Bacteriology
DOI 10.1128/jb.111.2.516-524.1972PMC PMC251313
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Fatty acids of different chain lengths were added to cultures of Bacillus subtilis growing in nutrient sporulation medium, and the effects of these fatty acids on growth, oxygen uptake, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, and membrane protein composition were examined. All fatty acids inhibited growth, the effect being reduced in the presence of glycolytic compounds and reversed by transfer to medium without fatty acids. The inhibition of growth was correlated with a reduction in both the rate of oxygen consumption and the concentration of ATP per cell. The concentration required to obtain a certain degree of inhibition increased with decreasing molecular weight of the fatty acid. However, the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation system of cell envelope preparations (i.e., the electron transport system) was not inhibited. Submaximal growth inhibition was accompanied by the relative increase of a membrane protein band revealed by urea-acetic acid gel electrophoresis. This increase was blocked by actinomycin or chloramphenicol. All of the above changes could also be produced by 2,4-dinitrophenol. The inhibition results are best explained by assuming that the fatty acids reversibly react with the cell membrane or proteins in it; they could either alter the membrane structure or uncouple the electron transport chain from two types of proteins, those used for ATP regeneration and others needed for the transport of certain compounds into the cells.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1128/jb.111.2.516-524.1972

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 20

  1. BORST P., LOOS J. A., CHRIST E. J., SLATER E. C. Uncoupling activity of long-chain fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1962 Aug 27;62:509–518. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(62)90232-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  2. Borst-Pauwels G. W., Jager S. Inhibition of phosphate and arsenate uptake in yeast by monoiodoacetate, fluoride, 2,4-dinitrophenol and acetate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Apr 8;172(3):399–406. doi: 10.1016/0005-2728(69)90136-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  3. CAMIEN M. N., DUNN M. S. Potassium acetate inhibition of Lactobacillus casei and its reversal by lithium, sodium and fatty acids. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1957 Aug-Sep;95(4):697–700. doi: 10.3181/00379727-95-23334. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  4. Cotman C. W., Mahler H. R., Hugli T. E. Isolation and characterization of insoluble proteins of the synaptic plasma membrane. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1968 Sep 10;126(3):821–837. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(68)90476-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  5. Freese E., Fortnagel P. Analysis of sporulation mutants. I. Response of uracil incorporation to carbon sources, and other mutant properties. J Bacteriol. 1967 Dec;94(6):1957–1969. doi: 10.1128/jb.94.6.1957-1969.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  6. Freese E., Fortnagel U. Growth and sporulation of Bacillus subtilis mutants blocked in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. J Bacteriol. 1969 Sep;99(3):745–756. doi: 10.1128/jb.99.3.745-756.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  7. Kahane I., Razin S. Synthesis and turnover of membrane protein and lipid in Mycoplasma laidlawii. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Jun 3;183(1):79–89. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(69)90131-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  8. Klofat W., Picciolo G., Chappelle E. W., Freese E. Production of adenosine triphosphate in normal cells and sporulation mutants of Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem. 1969 Jun 25;244(12):3270–3276. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Konings W. N., Freese E. Amino acid transport in membrane vesicles of Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem. 1972 Apr 25;247(8):2408–2418. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Konings W. N., Freese E. L-serine transport in membrane vesicles of Bacillus subtilis energized by NADH or reduced phenazine methosulfate. FEBS Lett. 1971 Apr 12;14(1):65–68. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80276-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  11. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Leggett J. E. Entry of phosphate into yeast cell. Plant Physiol. 1961 May;36(3):277–284. doi: 10.1104/pp.36.3.277. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  13. Patterson P. H., Lennarz W. J. Novel protein composition of a bacterial membrane. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1970 Jul 27;40(2):408–415. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)91024-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  14. SAMSON F. E., KATZ A. M., HARRIS D. L. Effects of acetate and other short-chain fatty acids on yeast metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1955 Feb;54(2):406–423. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(55)90054-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  15. Salton M. R., Freer J. H. Composition of the membranes isolated from several Gram-positive bacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1965 Oct 18;107(3):531–538. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(65)90197-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  16. Schmitt R., Freese E. Curing of a sporulation mutant and antibiotic activity of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1968 Oct;96(4):1255–1265. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.4.1255-1265.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  17. Senior A. E., MacLennan D. H. Mitochondrial "structural protein." A reassessment. J Biol Chem. 1970 Oct 10;245(19):5086–5095. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sugae K., Freese E. Requirement for Acetate and Glycine (or Serine) for Sporulation Without Growth of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1970 Dec;104(3):1074–1085. doi: 10.1128/jb.104.3.1074-1085.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  19. Takayama K., MacLennan D. H., Tzagoloff A., Stoner C. D. Studies on the electron transfer system. LXVII. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the mitochondrial electron transfer complexes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1966 Apr;114(1):223–230. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(66)90324-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  20. Weeks G., Shapiro M., Burns R. O., Wakil S. J. Control of fatty acid metabolism. I. Induction of the enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1969 Feb;97(2):827–836. doi: 10.1128/jb.97.2.827-836.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Sheu, C. W., & Freese, E.
Affiliations
  • Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20014
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
Venue
Journal of Bacteriology
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Published
1972-08
Volume
111
Issue
2
Pages
516-524
ISSN
  • 0021-9193 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-5530
DOI
10.1128/jb.111.2.516-524.1972
PMC
PMC251313
OpenAlex
W1872817153
Cited by
140
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
FWCI
3.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Bacteriology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Keywords
fatty acids, Bacillus subtilis, growth inhibition, fatty acid chain length, membrane proteins, cell envelope, oxygen consumption, ATP levels, electron transport chain, glycolysis, actinomycin, chloramphenicol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, membrane structure
MeSH terms
Acetates, Adenosine Triphosphate, Bacillus subtilis, Bacterial Proteins, Carbon Isotopes, Cell Membrane, Chloramphenicol, Culture Media, Dinitrophenols, Electron Transport, Electrophoresis, Disc, Fatty Acids, Lysine, Molecular Weight, Oxygen Consumption, Protoplasts, Spores, Bacterial, Tritium, Valine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review