Chitinolytic Activity in Chromobacterium violaceum : Substrate Analysis and Regulation by Quorum Sensing
Open accessAbstract
Quorum sensing control mediated by N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules has been established as a key feature of the regulation of exoenzyme production in many gram-negative bacteria. In Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532 a number of phenotypic characteristics, including production of the purple pigment violacein, hydrogen cyanide, antibiotics, and exoproteases are known to be regulated by the endogenous AHL N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (HHL). In this study we show that C. violaceum produces a set of chitinolytic enzymes whose production is regulated by HHL. The chitinolytic activity was induced in strains grown in the presence of chitin as the sole carbon source and quantitated in the secreted proteins by using p-nitrophenol analogs of disaccharide, trisaccharide, and tetrasaccharide oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine. By using 4-methylumbelliferyl analogs of the same oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine as substrates for proteins separated and renatured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, at least six enzymes were detected: a chitobiase with high specificity to a dimeric substrate of 87 kDa, two N-acetylglucosaminidases with apparent molecular masses of 162 and 133 kDa, two endochitinases of 108 and 67 kDa, and a chitobiosidase of 56 kDa. In addition, two unidentified bands of >205 kDa were found where a tetrameric chitin derivative was used as a substrate. A pleiotropic mini-Tn5 mutant of C. violaceum (CV026) that is defective in HHL production and other quorum-sensing-regulated factors was also found to be completely deficient in chitinolytic activity. Growth of this mutant on minimal medium with chitin supplemented with culture supernatant from the C. violaceum wild-type strain or 10 microM synthetic HHL restored chitinase production to the level shown by the parental strain. These results constitute the most complete evidence so far for regulation of chitinolytic activity by AHL signaling in a gram-negative bacterium.
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Different essential oils from ornamental plants have been observed to be effective against biofilms formed by Salmonella, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus spp.
“Different EOs from ornamental plants have been observed to be effective against biofilms formed by Salmonella, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus spp.”
From Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria (2013) · cites this paper as [131]
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Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria
Nazzaro, F., Fratianni, F., De Martino, L., Coppola, R., & De Feo, V. (2013) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph6121451 · Cited by 2,186 · see citing works
“The EOs of lavender, roses, geraniums, cloves and rosemary are also able to inhibit QS, whereas orange and juniper EOs appear to have no anti-QS properties [126–131].”
Background
- Authors
- Chernin, L. S., Winson, M. K., Thompson, J. M., Haran, S., Bycroft, B. W., Chet, I., Williams, P., & Stewart, G. S. A. B.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Bacteriology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 180
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 4435-4441
- ISSN
- 0021-9193 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5530
- PMC
- PMC107452
- OpenAlex
- W2169463052
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Bacteriology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- United States Agency for International Development
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- Chromobacterium violaceum, chitinase, quorum sensing, N-acyl homoserine lactones, chitobiase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, endochitinase, Tn5 transposon mutants, violacein
- MeSH terms
- Acetylglucosaminidase, Chitin, Chitinases, Chromobacterium, Hydrolysis, Molecular Weight, Substrate Specificity
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