Cited by 771interferon and immune responsesNF-κB Signaling PathwaysImmune Response and Inflammation

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Cytosolic-DNA-Mediated, STING-Dependent Proinflammatory Gene Induction Necessitates Canonical NF-κB Activation through TBK1

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Abe, Takayuki, Barber, Glen N.·2014·Journal of Virology

DOI 10.1128/jvi.00037-14PMC PMC4019140

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Abstract

STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is known to control the induction of innate immune genes in response to the recognition of cytosolic DNA species, including the genomes of viruses such as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). However, while STING is essential for protection of the host against numerous DNA pathogens, sustained STING activity can lead to lethal inflammatory disease. It is known that STING utilizes interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways to exert its effects, although the signal transduction mechanisms remain to be clarified fully. Here we demonstrate that in addition to the activation of these pathways, potent induction of the Jun N-terminal protein kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) pathway was similarly observed in response to STING activation by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Furthermore, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) associated with STING was found to facilitate dsDNA-mediated canonical activation of NF-κB as well as IRF3 to promote proinflammatory gene transcription. The triggering of NF-κB function was noted to require TRAF6 activation. Our findings detail a novel dsDNA-mediated NF-κB activation pathway facilitated through a STING-TRAF6-TBK1 axis and suggest a target for therapeutic intervention to plausibly stimulate antiviral activity or, alternatively, avert dsDNA-mediated inflammatory disease. IMPORTANCE The IKK complex, which is composed of two catalytic subunits, IKKα and IKKβ, has been suggested to be essential for the activation of canonical NF-κB signaling in response to various stimuli, including cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1α [IL-1α] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (e.g., lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), and dsRNAs derived from viruses, or a synthetic analog. STING has been identified as a critical signaling molecule required for the detection of cytosolic dsDNAs derived from pathogens and viruses. However, little is known about how cytosolic dsDNA triggers NF-κB signaling. In the present study, we demonstrate that TBK1, identified as an IKK-related kinase, may predominantly control the activation of NF-κB in response to dsDNA signaling via STING through the IKKαβ activation loop. Thus, our results establish TBK1 as a downstream kinase controlling dsDNA-mediated IRF3 and NF-κB signaling dependent on STING.

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Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is a Cytosolic DNA Sensor That Activates the Type I Interferon Pathway
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STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling
Ishikawa, H., & Barber, G. N. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07317 · Cited by 3,576
Self-citation
STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity
Ishikawa, H., Ma, Z., & Barber, G. N. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08476 · Cited by 2,759 · cited 3×
“Previous reports have shown that the activation of NF- B is reduced in MEFs or macrophages in response to STING-dependent dsDNA signaling (3, 5, 23, 24).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citation
Cyclic GMP-AMP Is an Endogenous Second Messenger in Innate Immune Signaling by Cytosolic DNA
Wu, J., Sun, L., Chen, X., Du, F., Shi, H., Chen, C., & Chen, Z. J. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1229963 · Cited by 2,628
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The Adaptor Protein MITA Links Virus-Sensing Receptors to IRF3 Transcription Factor Activation
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Authors: Abe, T., & Barber, G. N.
Affiliations: University of Miami (US)
ORCID: Abe, Takayuki
Barber, Glen N.
Venue: Journal of Virology
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2014-05-15
Volume: 88
Issue: 10
Pages: 5328-5341
ISSN: 0022-538X (ISSN-L)
1098-5514
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00037-14
PMC: PMC4019140
OpenAlex: W2097750604
Cited by: 767
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 78 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 11.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Virology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UO1AI083015, R01AI079336, U01AI083015)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords: STING, TBK1, NF-κB activation, TRAF6, IRF3, SAPK/JNK pathway, innate immunity, herpes simplex virus type 1, inflammatory diseases, antiviral signaling
MeSH terms: STING Protein, Animals, Cell Line, Cytosol, DNA, Membrane Proteins, Signal Transduction, Transcriptional Activation, NF-kappa B, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Mice, Knockout, TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6, Interferon Regulatory Factor-3, Mice

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Cytosolic-DNA-Mediated, STING-Dependent Proinflammatory Gene Induction Necessitates Canonical NF-κB Activation through TBK1

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