Functional analysis of human foamy virus accessory reading frames
Open accessAbstract
Foamy viruses belong to the retroviruses which possess a complex genome structure. The human foamy virus (HFV) isolate bears three open reading frames (the so-called bel genes) in the 3' region of the genome which have been reported to give rise to possibly six different proteins via alternative splicing (W. Muranyi and R. M. Flügel, J. Virol. 65:727-735, 1991). In order to analyze the requirements of these proteins for HFV replication in vitro, we constructed a set of single and combinatory bel gene mutants of an infectious molecular clone of HFV. The mutant which lacked the transacting activator, bel-1, was found to be replication incompetent. All other mutants replicated equally well and gave rise to comparable titers of infectious cell-free virus. When HFV proviruses were put under the control of a heterologous promoter (simian virus 40), none of the accessory gene products was found to be required for expression of structural (gag) proteins. There was no evidence for a posttranscriptional regulatory protein that is present in other complex retroviruses.
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Foamy viruses contain the classical LTR promoter that expresses the structural genes Gag/Pro/Pol and additionally have an internal promoter (IP) located toward the 3′ end of the env gene that can express only the two early regulatory genes tas and bet.
“They contain the classical LTR promoter that expresses the structural genes Gag/Pro/Pol, but additionally also have an internal promoter (IP) located toward the 3′ end of the env gene that can express only the two early regulatory genes, tas and bet.”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Baunach et al. 1993
The basal activity of both foamy virus promoters can be trans-activated by the Tas protein.
“The basal activity of both promoters can be trans-activated by the Tas (trans-activator of spumavirus) protein (Baunach et al. 1993, Winkler et al. 1997, Omoto et al. 2004).”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Baunach et al. 1993
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Foamy virus nuclear RNA export is distinct from that of other retroviruses
Bodem, J., Schied, T., Gabriel, R., Rammling, M., & Rethwilm, A. (2011) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01518-10 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationBeyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication
Jehad, M. A., Ali, L. M., Pillai, V. N., Prabhu, S. G., Mustafa, F., & Rizvi, T. A. (2026) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaf066 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The basal activity of both promoters can be trans -activated by the Tas ( trans -activator of spumavirus ) protein (Baunach et al. 1993 , Winkler et al. 1997 , Omoto et al. 2004 ).”
- Authors
- Baunach, G., Maurer, B., Hahn, H., Kranz, M., & Rethwilm, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- ORCID
- Hahn, H
- Venue
- Journal of Virology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1993-09
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 5411-5418
- ISSN
- 0022-538X (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5514
- PMC
- PMC237942
- OpenAlex
- W2135206578
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 2.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Virology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Infectious Diseases and Mycology
- Keywords
- human foamy virus, accessory genes, retroviral replication, alternative splicing, post-transcriptional regulation, mutant analysis, infectious clone
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, DNA-Binding Proteins, Fibroblasts, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Genes, Viral, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Retroviridae Proteins, Simian virus 40, Virus Replication, Blotting, Western, Restriction Mapping, Trans-Activators, Spumavirus, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Open Reading Frames, Genome, Viral
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