Foamy virus nuclear RNA export is distinct from that of other retroviruses
Open accessAbstract
Most retroviruses express all of their genes from a single primary transcript. In order to allow expression of more than one gene from this RNA, differential splicing is extensively used. Cellular quality control mechanisms retain and degrade unspliced or partially spliced RNAs in the nucleus. Two pathways have been described that explain how retroviruses circumvent this nuclear export inhibition. One involves a constitutive transport element in the viral RNA that interacts with the cellular mRNA transporter proteins NXF1 and NXT1 to facilitate nuclear export. The other pathway relies on the recognition of a viral RNA element by a virus-encoded protein that interacts with the karyopherin CRM1. In this report, we analyze the protein factors required for the nuclear export of unspliced foamy virus (FV) mRNA. We show that this export is CRM1 dependent. In contrast to other complex retroviruses, FVs do not encode an export-mediating protein. Cross-linking experiments indicated that the cellular protein HuR binds to the FV RNA. Inhibition studies showed that both ANP32A and ANP32B, which are known to bridge HuR and CRM1, are essential for FV RNA export. By using this export pathway, FVs solve a central problem of viral replication.
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Prototype foamy virus achieves nuclear export of its unspliced RNA by interacting with HuR, a ubiquitously expressed nuclear RNA-binding shuttle protein involved in nuclear export of AU-rich elements-containing cellular mRNAs.
“The prototype foamy virus achieves nuclear export of its unspliced RNA by interacting with human antigen R (HuR), a ubiquitously expressed nuclear RNA-binding shuttle protein known to be involved in the nuclear export of AU-rich elements-containing cellular mRNAs (Fig. 9) (Fan and Steitz 1998, Bodem et al. 2011).”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Bodem et al. 2011
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Guha, S., & Bhaumik, S. R. (2020) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms · doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194655 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Retroviral hijacking of host transport pathways for genome nuclear export
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“9 ) (Fan and Steitz 1998 , Bodem et al. 2011 ).”
Peptide‐Based Nanoparticles Suppress Hepatic Inflammation via Blockage of Human Antigen R
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A purine-rich element in foamy virus pol regulates env splicing and gag/pol expression
Moschall, R., Denk, S., Erkelenz, S., Schenk, C., Schaal, H., & Bodem, J. (2017) · Retrovirology · doi:10.1186/s12977-017-0337-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Molekulare Analyse der CD83 Expression humaner Leukozyten
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Coordinated Post-transcriptional Regulation by MicroRNAs and RNA- binding Proteins
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Foamy virus vector integration and application in gene therapy
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Analysis of factors that affect pseudotyping in retroviruses
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- Authors
- Bodem, J., Schied, T., Gabriel, R., Rammling, M., & Rethwilm, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bodem, Jochen
- Rethwilm, Axel
- ORCID
- Bodem, Jochen
- Venue
- Journal of Virology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2333-2341
- ISSN
- 0022-538X (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5514
- PMC
- PMC3067772
- OpenAlex
- W1979912914
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB479)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- foamy virus, nuclear RNA export, CRM1, karyopherins, HuR, ANP32A, ANP32B, unspliced viral RNA, differential splicing, retroviral gene expression, NXF1, constitutive transport element
- MeSH terms
- Exportin 1 Protein, Cell Nucleus, Humans, Retroviridae, Retroviridae Infections, RNA, Viral, Spumavirus, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Karyopherins, RNA Transport, HEK293 Cells
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