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Role of the matrix protein in the virion association of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein
Open accessAbstract
The matrix (MA) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) forms an inner coat directly underneath the lipid envelope of the virion. The outer surface of the lipid envelope surrounding the capsid is coated by the viral Env glycoproteins. We report here that the HIV-1 capsid-Env glycoprotein association is very sensitive to minor alterations in the MA protein. The results indicate that most of the MA domain of the Gag precursor, except for its carboxy terminus, is essential for this association. Viral particles produced by proviruses with small missense or deletion mutations in the region coding for the amino-terminal 100 amino acids of the MA protein lacked both the surface glycoprotein gp120 and the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41, indicating a defect at the level of Env glycoprotein incorporation. Alterations at the carboxy terminus of the MA domain had no significant effect on the levels of particle-associated Env glycoprotein or on virus replication. The presence of HIV-1 MA protein sequences was sufficient for the stable association of HIV-1 Env glycoprotein with hybrid particles that contain the capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins of visna virus. The association of HIV-1 Env glycoprotein with the hybrid particles was dependent upon the presence of the HIV-1 MA protein domain, as HIV-1 Env glycoprotein was not efficiently recruited into virus particles when coexpressed with authentic visna virus Gag proteins.
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“The self-association of HIV-1 MA, and especially its trimerization, has also been shown to be crucial for the incorporation of envelope glycoprotein into the nascently forming virus particles”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Dorfman et al. 1994
In the citing paper
“Proper localization of Env at the plasma membrane is critical for its selective incorporation into budding virions, a process mediated by interactions between gp41 cytoplasmic tail and the MA domain of the Gag protein”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Dorfman et al. 1994
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–264 of 264
Affranchino, J. L., & González, S. A. (2014) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v6010264 · Cited by 16
“Notably, several site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical studies performed in HIV-1 also favor the concept that an association between the MA and the gp41 CD is necessary for Env incorporation into virions [82–87].”
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“The introduction of L8S/S9R mutations into MA has been shown previously to inhibit Env incorporation into virions (59) and to block cell–cell transmission (60).”
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“Genetic and biochemical studies suggested that the MA domain of Gag and the gp41CT play distinct, yet complementary, roles in Env incorporation into budding particles (42,44,45,49,50,54-59).”
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“They are cell typedependent, and are affected by mutations in the HIV-1 Gag protein matrix (MA) and Env cytoplasmic tail (CT) domains (Checkley et al., 2011; Freed and Martin, 1995, 1996; Murakami and Freed, 2000a, 2000b; Tedbury et al., 2013, 2016; Yu et al., 1992; Wang et al., 1993; Dorfman et al., 1994; Reil et al.…”
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“The MA domain of Gag is responsible for targeting HIV-1 assembly to specific membrane compartments in the cell (Facke et al., 1993; Freed et al., 1994).”
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Deletions in the fifth alpha helix of HIV-1 matrix block virus release
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“Deletion of amino acids 98–100 abolished ENV incorporation (Dorfman et al., 1994).”
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Probing Gag-Env dynamics at HIV-1 assembly sites using live-cell microscopy
Muecksch, F., Klaus, S., Laketa, V., Müller, B., & Kräusslich, H. (2024) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00649-24 · Cited by 7
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Self-citationStructural maturation of the matrix lattice is not required for HIV-1 particle infectivity
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“Multiple investigations have characterized MA mutations that either impair Env incorporation into virus particles or facilitate the assembly of otherwise incorporation-deficient Env mutants into virions (1, 2, 25, 26, 32, 36–38, 40, 42–45, 48).”
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Cellular Trafficking Mechanisms in the Assembly and Release of HIV
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“The fact that both synthetic peptides derived from Pr55gag-protein sequences influence virus morphogenesis and the identical original amino acid regions are important for particle formation led us to the conclusion that intrinsic and defined functions of the gag protein are affected [24, 25, 54].”
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Jehad, M. A., Ali, L. M., Pillai, V. N., Prabhu, S. G., Mustafa, F., & Rizvi, T. A. (2026) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaf066 · Cited by 5
“…of HIV-1 MA, and especially its trimeriza-tion, has also been shown to be crucial for the incorporation of envelope glycoprotein into the nascently forming virus particles (Dorfman et al. 1994 , Freed and Martin 1995 , Cosson 1996 , Cannon et al. 1997 , Tedbury et al. 2016 , Eastep et al. 2021 ).”
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“The processed matrix protein contributes to virus maturation by its specific assembly to the characteristic morphology of infectious virus particles and by interactions with the viral envelope glycoproteins (Yu et al., 1992; Dorfman et al., 1994b; Nermut et al., 1994; Fuller et al., 1997), to the nuclear localization…”
BackgroundResultThe HIV gp41 Fusion Protein Inhibits T-Cell Activation through the Lentiviral Lytic Peptide 2 Motif.
Klug, Y. A., Schwarzer, R., Rotem, E., Charni, M., Nudelman, A., Gramatica, A., Zarmi, B., Rotter, V., & Shai, Y. (2019) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01175 · Cited by 3
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“The MA domain of Gag plays a central role in HIV-1 Env incorporation [(36, 37, 41-44); 121 for reviews, see (1, 3, 45)] and is thought to organize into hexamers of trimers on the inner 122 leaflet of the viral envelope (46-48).”
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“The N-terminal 100 amino acids of the matrix protein are required for the incorporation of envelope glycoproteins into virion particles [46], including specific interacting residues at Gag codons 8, 9, 13, 16, 17, 18, 31, 35, and 63 [4750].”
BackgroundTissue Compartmentalization and Tropism of HIV-1: A Dissertation
Brese, R. L. (2016) · doi:10.13028/m23k5t
“Capsid (CA) CA proteins surround the viral core in the virion, protecting the nucleocapsid, and are involved with assembly during the replication cycle (Dorfman et al, 1994b; Franke et al, 1994; Thali et al, 1994; Ganser-Pornillos et al, 2007).”
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Geldmacher, C. (2006) · doi:10.22028/d291-20792
“Furthermore, because of its affinity for the cytoplasmic domain of gp41, p17 also plays an important role in positioning viral cores at the budding sites inside the infected cell (Dorfman et al., 1994; Yu et al., 1992).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Dorfman, T., Mammano, F., Haseltine, W. A., & Göttlinger, H. G.
- Affiliations
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Virology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 1994-03
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1689-1696
- ISSN
- 0022-538X (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5514
- PMC
- PMC236628
- OpenAlex
- W1557860493
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA06516, P30CA006516)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI29873, AI28691, P30AI028691)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Keywords
- HIV-1 matrix protein, HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, Gag precursor, gp120, gp41, visna virus, viral assembly, C-terminal domain, missense mutations, deletion mutations
- MeSH terms
- Cells, Cultured, DNA Mutational Analysis, Humans, Morphogenesis, Protein Binding, RNA, Viral, Structure-Activity Relationship, Viral Matrix Proteins, Virion, HIV-1, Gene Products, env
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