The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inhibition of Macroautophagy Triggers Apoptosis
Open accessAbstract
Mammalian cells were observed to die under conditions in which nutrients were depleted and, simultaneously, macroautophagy was inhibited either genetically (by a small interfering RNA targeting Atg5, Atg6/Beclin 1-1, Atg10, or Atg12) or pharmacologically (by 3-methyladenine, hydroxychloroquine, bafilomycin A1, or monensin). Cell death occurred through apoptosis (type 1 cell death), since it was reduced by stabilization of mitochondrial membranes (with Bcl-2 or vMIA, a cytomegalovirus-derived gene) or by caspase inhibition. Under conditions in which the fusion between lysosomes and autophagosomes was inhibited, the formation of autophagic vacuoles was enhanced at a preapoptotic stage, as indicated by accumulation of LC3-II protein, ultrastructural studies, and an increase in the acidic vacuolar compartment. Cells exhibiting a morphology reminiscent of (autophagic) type 2 cell death, however, recovered, and only cells with a disrupted mitochondrial transmembrane potential were beyond the point of no return and inexorably died even under optimal culture conditions. All together, these data indicate that autophagy may be cytoprotective, at least under conditions of nutrient depletion, and point to an important cross talk between type 1 and type 2 cell death pathways.
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Cites
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Boya, P., González-Polo, R.-A., Casares, N., Perfettini, J.-L., Dessen, P., Larochette, N., Métivier, D., Meley, D., Souquere, S., Yoshimori, T., Pierron, G., Codogno, P., & Kroemer, G.
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-02-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1025-1040
- ISSN
- 0270-7306 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5549
- OpenAlex
- W2167656141
- Cited by
- 1,625
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 56.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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