Cited by 45Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityNail Diseases and TreatmentsDermatology and Skin Diseases

Role of Microbiota in the Skin Colonization of Candida auris

Open access
Tharp, Brooke, Zheng, Rachel, Bryak, Garrett, Litvintseva, Anastasia P., Hayden, Mary K., Chowdhary, Anuradha, Thangamani, Shankar·2023·mSphere

Abstract

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in humans. Unlike other Candida species that colonize the gut, C. auris efficiently colonizes the skin and contaminates the patient's environment, resulting in rapid nosocomial transmission and outbreaks of systemic infections.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1128/msphere.00623-22

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Long-term C. auris skin colonization fosters patient-to-patient transmission and spread in healthcare settings.

    “Moreover, long-term skin colonization also fosters transmission from patient to patient and overall spread in healthcare settings (19).”

    From <i>Candida auris</i> metabolism and growth preferences in physiologically relevant skin-like conditions (2026) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Perspective section says C. auris can spread between patients in healthcare settings and that skin colonization likely facilitates transmission. It does not establish that colonization is long-term or that its duration fosters spread; its reference to long-term care facilities describes the setting, not the duration of colonization. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet

References 24 · Cited by 45

Research works printed but not linked: 17

  1. [4]Rossow J, Ostrowsky B, Adams E, Greenko J, McDonald R, Vallabhaneni S, Forsberg K, Perez S, Lucas T, Alroy KA, Jacobs Slifka K, Walters M, Jackson BR, Quinn M, Chaturvedi S, Blog D, New York Candida auris Investigation Workgroup. 2021. Factors associated with Candida auris colonization and transmission in skilled nursing facilities with ventilator Units, New York, 2016–2018. Clin Infect Dis 72: e753– e760. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1462. 32984882 PMC8155826 · DOI · Paper page
  2. [5]Lockhart SR, Etienne KA, Vallabhaneni S, Farooqi J, Chowdhary A, Govender NP, Colombo AL, Calvo B, Cuomo CA, Desjardins CA, Berkow EL, Castanheira M, Magobo RE, Jabeen K, Asghar RJ, Meis JF, Jackson B, Chiller T, Litvintseva AP. 2017. Simultaneous emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida auris on 3 continents confirmed by whole-genome sequencing and epidemiological analyses. Clin Infect Dis 64: 134– 140. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw691. 27988485 PMC5215215 · DOI · Paper page
  3. [6]Chowdhary A, Prakash A, Sharma C, Kordalewska M, Kumar A, Sarma S, Tarai B, Singh A, Upadhyaya G, Upadhyay S, Yadav P, Singh PK, Khillan V, Sachdeva N, Perlin DS, Meis JF. 2018. A multicentre study of antifungal susceptibility patterns among 350 Candida auris isolates (2009–17) in India: role of the ERG11 and FKS1 genes in azole and echinocandin resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 73: 891– 899. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx480. 29325167 · DOI · Paper page
  4. [7]Sexton DJ, Bentz ML, Welsh RM, Derado G, Furin W, Rose LJ, Noble-Wang J, Pacilli M, McPherson TD, Black S, Kemble SK, Herzegh O, Ahmad A, Forsberg K, Jackson B, Litvintseva AP. 2021. Positive correlation between Candida auris skin-colonization burden and environmental contamination at a ventilator-capable skilled nursing facility in Chicago. Clin Infect Dis 73: 1142– 1148. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab327. 33978150 PMC8492228 · DOI · Paper page
  5. [10]Huang X, Welsh RM, Deming C, Proctor DM, Thomas PJ, Gussin GM, Huang SS, Kong HH, Bentz ML, Vallabhaneni S, Chiller T, Jackson BR, Forsberg K, Conlan S, Litvintseva AP, Segre JA, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program. 2021. Skin metagenomic sequence analysis of early Candida auris Outbreaks in U.S. nursing homes. mSphere 6: e0028721. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00287-21. 34346704 PMC8386442 · DOI
  6. [11]Bier K, Schittek B. 2021. Beneficial effects of coagulase-negative Staphylococci on Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization. Exp Dermatol 30: 1442– 1452. doi: 10.1111/exd.14381. 33960019 · DOI
  7. [12]Nakatsuji T, Hata TR, Tong Y, Cheng JY, Shafiq F, Butcher AM, Salem SS, Brinton SL, Rudman Spergel AK, Johnson K, Jepson B, Calatroni A, David G, Ramirez-Gama M, Taylor P, Leung DYM, Gallo RL. 2021. Development of a human skin commensal microbe for bacteriotherapy of atopic dermatitis and use in a phase 1 randomized clinical trial. Nat Med 27: 700– 709. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01256-2. 33619370 PMC8052297 · DOI · Paper page
  8. [13]Belkaid Y, Tamoutounour S. 2016. The influence of skin microorganisms on cutaneous immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 16: 353– 366. doi: 10.1038/nri.2016.48. 27231051 · DOI
  9. [14]Huang X, Hurabielle C, Drummond RA, Bouladoux N, Desai JV, Sim CK, Belkaid Y, Lionakis MS, Segre JA. 2021. Murine model of colonization with fungal pathogen Candida auris to explore skin tropism, host risk factors and therapeutic strategies. Cell Host Microbe 29: 210– 221.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.12.002. 33385336 PMC7878403 · DOI · Paper page
  10. [15]Rather IA, Sabir JSM, Asseri AH, Ali S. 2022. Antifungal activity of human cathelicidin LL-37, a membrane disrupting peptide, by triggering oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest in Candida auris. J Fungi 8: 204. doi: 10.3390/jof8020204. PMC8875705 35205958 · DOI
  11. [17]Peyssonnaux C, Datta V, Cramer T, Doedens A, Theodorakis EA, Gallo RL, Hurtado-Ziola N, Nizet V, Johnson RS. 2005. HIF-1alpha expression regulates the bactericidal capacity of phagocytes. J Clin Invest 115: 1806– 1815. doi: 10.1172/JCI23865. 16007254 PMC1159132 · DOI
  12. [18]Peyssonnaux C, Boutin AT, Zinkernagel AS, Datta V, Nizet V, Johnson RS. 2008. Critical role of HIF-1alpha in keratinocyte defense against bacterial infection. J Invest Dermatol 128: 1964– 1968. doi: 10.1038/jid.2008.27. 18323789 · DOI
  13. [20]Bitschar K, Sauer B, Focken J, Dehmer H, Moos S, Konnerth M, Schilling NA, Grond S, Kalbacher H, Kurschus FC, Götz F, Krismer B, Peschel A, Schittek B. 2019. Lugdunin amplifies innate immune responses in the skin in synergy with host- and microbiota-derived factors. Nat Commun 10: 2730. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10646-7. 31227691 PMC6588697 · DOI
  14. [21]Naik S, Bouladoux N, Linehan JL, Han S-J, Harrison OJ, Wilhelm C, Conlan S, Himmelfarb S, Byrd AL, Deming C, Quinones M, Brenchley JM, Kong HH, Tussiwand R, Murphy KM, Merad M, Segre JA, Belkaid Y. 2015. Commensal–dendritic-cell interaction specifies a unique protective skin immune signature. Nature 520: 104– 108. doi: 10.1038/nature14052. 25539086 PMC4667810 · DOI · Paper page
  15. [22]Horton MV, Johnson CJ, Zarnowski R, Andes BD, Schoen TJ, Kernien JF, Lowman D, Kruppa MD, Ma Z, Williams DL, Huttenlocher A, Nett JE. 2021. Candida auris cell wall mannosylation contributes to neutrophil evasion through pathways divergent from Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. mSphere 6: e00406-21. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00406-21. 34160238 PMC8265655 · DOI · Paper page
  16. [24]Naik S, Bouladoux N, Wilhelm C, Molloy MJ, Salcedo R, Kastenmuller W, Deming C, Quinones M, Koo L, Conlan S, Spencer S, Hall JA, Dzutsev A, Kong H, Campbell DJ, Trinchieri G, Segre JA, Belkaid Y. 2012. Compartmentalized control of skin immunity by resident commensals. Science 337: 1115– 1119. doi: 10.1126/science.1225152. 22837383 PMC3513834 · DOI · Paper page
  17. [25]Stacy A, Belkaid Y. 2019. Microbial guardians of skin health. Science 363: 227– 228. doi: 10.1126/science.aat4326. 30655428 · DOI

Authors
Tharp, B., Zheng, R., Bryak, G., Litvintseva, A. P., Hayden, M. K., Chowdhary, A., & Thangamani, S.
Affiliations
  • Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
  • Rush University Medical Center (US)
  • University of Delhi (IN)
Corresponding author
  • Chowdhary, Anuradha
  • Thangamani, Shankar
Venue
mSphere
Published
2023-02-21
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
e0062322-e0062322
ISSN
2379-5042 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4317939754
Cited by
45
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 7
FWCI
9.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • mSphere (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U54CK000607)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Nail Diseases and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Keywords
Candida auris, skin microbiome, skin colonization, host-microbe interactions, skin immune system, nosocomial transmission, emerging fungal pathogens, microbiota-based therapy, fungal pathogenesis
MeSH terms
Candida auris, Candida, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Skin

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review