The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The abundance of seafloor massive sulfide deposits
Abstract
The possibility of mining seafl oor massive sulfide deposits has stirred debate about the sustainable use of this new resource and whether commercial development is worth the risk. Among the outstanding questions is how many deposits might be accessible to deep-sea mining. More than 300 sites of high-temperature hydrothermal venting have been identifi ed since the discovery of black smokers, but signifi cant massive sulfide accumulation has been found at only 165 of these sites. Estimates of the total number of vent fields and associated mineral deposits, based on plume studies and deposit occurrence models, range from 500 to 5000. We have used new deposit occurrence data from 10,000 km of ridge, arc, and backarc spreading centers to estimate the amount of massive sulfide in the easily accessible neovolcanic zones of the global oceans. The total accumulation in these areas is estimated to be on the order of 6 × 108 tonnes, containing ~3 × 107 tonnes of copper and zinc. This is similar to the total discovered copper and zinc in Cenozoic massive sulfi de deposits mined on land but is insuffi cient to satisfy a growing global demand for these metals.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An updated digital model of plate boundaries
Bird, P. (2003) · Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2001gc000252 · Cited by 2,675
Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Fluxes and the Chemical Composition of the Ocean
Elderfield, H., & Schultz, A. (1996) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.24.1.191 · Cited by 1,050
Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits
Franklin, J. M., Gibson, H. L., Jonasson, I. R., & Galley, A. G. (2005) · One Hundredth Anniversary Volume · doi:10.5382/av100.17 · Cited by 681
SEAFLOOR HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY: BLACK SMOKER CHEMISTRY AND CHIMNEYS
Von Damm, K. L. (1990) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190.001133 · Cited by 664
Sea-Floor Tectonics and Submarine Hydrothermal Systems
Hannington, M. D., De Ronde, C. E. J., & Petersen, S. (2005) · One Hundredth Anniversary Volume · doi:10.5382/av100.06 · Cited by 541
Self-citationDeep-sea mining of seafloor massive sulfides
Hoagland, P., Beaulieu, S., Tivey, M. A., Eggert, R. G., German, C., Glowka, L., & Lin, J. (2010) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2009.12.001 · Cited by 193
Self-citationComparison of the TAG mound and stockwork complex with Cyprus-type, massive sulfide deposits
Hannington, M. D., Galley, A. G., Herzig, P. M., & Petersen, S. (1998) · Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program · doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.158.217.1998 · Cited by 180
Self-citationTighten regulations on deep-sea mining
Van Dover, C. L. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/470031a · Cited by 162
Rona, P. A. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1080679 · Cited by 157
The relationship between near-axis hydrothermal cooling and the spreading rate of mid-ocean ridges
Baker, E. T., Chen, Y., & Morgan, J. P. (1996) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(96)00097-0 · Cited by 151
Cited by
Handley, K. M., & Lloyd, J. R. (2013) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00136 · Cited by 126
RNA oligomerization in laboratory analogues of alkaline hydrothermal vent systems
Burcar, B. T., Barge, L. M., Trail, D., Watson, E. B., Russell, M. J., & McGown, L. B. (2015) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1280 · Cited by 68
Metadata
- Authors
- Hannington, M., Jamieson, J., Monecke, T., Petersen, S., & Beaulieu, S.
- Venue
- Geology
- Publisher
- Geological Society of America
- Published
- 2011-10-21
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1155-1158
- ISSN
- 0091-7613 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-2682
- OpenAlex
- W2028391171
- Cited by
- 431
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 15.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The abundance of seafloor massive sulfide deposits. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1130/g32468.1
- The paper
- Hannington, M., Jamieson, J., Monecke, T., Petersen, S., & Beaulieu, S. (2011). The abundance of seafloor massive sulfide deposits. Geology. https://doi.org/10.1130/g32468.1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
