Provider and pharmacist responses to warfarin drug-drug interaction alerts: a study of healthcare downstream of CPOE alerts
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To categorize the appropriateness of provider and pharmacist responses to warfarin critical drug-drug interaction (cDDI) alerts, assess responses and actions to the cDDI, and determine the occurrence of warfarin adverse drug events (ADE) after alerts. DESIGN: An 18-month, retrospective study of acute care admissions at a single Veterans Affairs medical center using computerized provider order entry (CPOE). MEASUREMENTS: Patients included had at least one warfarin cDDI alert. Chart reviews included baseline laboratory values and demographics, provider actions, patient outcomes, and associated factors, including other interacting medications and number of simultaneously processed alerts. RESULTS: 137 admissions were included (133 unique patients). Amiodarone, vitamin E in a multivitamin, sulfamethoxazole, and levothyroxine accounted for 75% of warfarin cDDI. Provider responses were clinically appropriate in 19.7% of admissions and pharmacist responses were appropriate in 9.5% of admissions. There were 50 ADE (36.6% of admissions) with warfarin; 80% were rated as having no or mild clinical effect. An increased number of non-critical alerts at the time of the reference cDDI alert was the only variable associated with an inappropriate provider response (p=0.01). LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by being a retrospective review and the possibility of confounding variables, such as other interacting medications. CONCLUSION: The large number of CPOE alerts may lead to inappropriate responses by providers and pharmacists. The high rate of ADE suggests a need for improved medication management systems for patients on warfarin. This study highlights the possibility of alert fatigue contributing to the high prevalence of inappropriate alert over-ride text responses.
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A retrospective chart review found the only factor associated with inappropriate DDI overrides to be number of noncritical alerts received at the same time.
“a retrospective chart review in which expert reviewers identified inappropriate DDI overrides found the only factor associated with inappropriate overrides to be number of noncritical alerts received at the same time [23].”
From Effects of workload, work complexity, and repeated alerts on alert fatigue in a clinical decision support system (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
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Background
- Authors
- Miller, A. M., Boro, M. S., Korman, N. E., & Davoren, J. B.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, A. M.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-12-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- Supplement 1
- Pages
- i45-i50
- ISSN
- 1067-5027 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-974X
- PMC
- PMC3241165
- OpenAlex
- W1804077004
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Electronic Health Records Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Patient Safety and Medication Errors
- Keywords
- warfarin, drug-drug interaction alerts, computerized physician order entry, alarm fatigue, adverse drug reactions, alert override, amiodarone, levothyroxine, sulfamethoxazole, vitamin E, medication management, veterans
- MeSH terms
- Contraindications, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drug Interactions, Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Hospitals, Veterans, Humans, Infant, Male, Medical Staff, Hospital, Middle Aged, Pharmacists, Retrospective Studies, United States, Warfarin, Reminder Systems, Medical Order Entry Systems
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