Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased autoimmune response in healthy individuals and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Open accessAbstract
Objectives Vitamin D deficiency is widespread and has been associated with many chronic diseases, including autoimmune disorders. A study was undertaken to explore the impact of low vitamin D levels on autoantibody production in healthy individuals, as well as B cell hyperactivity and interferon α (IFNα) activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Serum samples from 32 European American female patients with SLE and 32 matched controls were tested for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, lupus-associated autoantibodies and serum IFNα activity. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested for intracellular phospho-ERK 1/2 as a measure of B cell activation status.Results Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <20 ng/ml) was significantly more frequent among patients with SLE (n=32, 69%) and antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive controls (n=14, 71%) compared with ANA-negative controls (n=18, 22%) (OR 7.7, 95% CI 2.0 to 29.4, p=0.003 and OR 8.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 43.6, p=0.011, respectively). Patients with high B cell activation had lower mean (SD) 25(OH)D levels than patients with low B cell activation (17.2 (5.1) vs 24.2 (3.9) ng/ml; p=0.009). Patients with vitamin D deficiency also had higher mean (SD) serum IFNα activity than patients without vitamin D deficiency (3.5 (6.6) vs 0.3 (0.3); p=0.02).Conclusions The observation that ANA-positive healthy controls are significantly more likely to be deficient in vitamin D than ANA-negative healthy controls, together with the finding that vitamin D deficiency is associated with certain immune abnormalities in SLE, suggests that vitamin D plays an important role in autoantibody production and SLE pathogenesis.
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These findings suggest an important role of vitamin D in autoantibody production and ASD pathogenesis, perhaps similar to other autoimmune diseases such as MS and systemic lupus erythematosus.
“These findings suggest an important role of vitamin D in autoantibody production and ASD pathogenesis, perhaps similar to other autoimmune diseases, such as MS and systemic lupus erythematosus [172,174].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [172]
Anti-nuclear antibody positive healthy controls were significantly more likely to be deficient in vitamin D than antibody negative healthy controls (71% vs. 22%, p = 0.003).
“Furthermore, anti-MAG antiautoantibodies correlated negatively with serum 25(OH)D concentrations (r = −0.86, p < 0.001) [109], and anti-nuclear antibody positive healthy controls were significantly more likely to be deficient in vitamin D than antibody negative healthy controls (71% vs. 22%, respectively, p = 0.003) [172].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [172]
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- Authors
- Ritterhouse, L. L., Crowe, S. R., Niewold, T. B., Kamen, D. L., Macwana, S. R., Roberts, V. C., Dedeke, A. B., Harley, J. B., Scofield, R. H., Guthridge, J. M., & James, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- James, Judith A
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1569-1574
- ISSN
- 0003-4967 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3149865
- OpenAlex
- W2115891889
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 13.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P30GM103510)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI‐082714, AI-24717, AI083194, P01AI083194, R37AI024717, U19AI082714, HHSN266200500026C, R01AI024717)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR-058554, AR24260, AR052364, AR-053483, P30AR053483, RC1AR058554, K23AR052364)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 015577, P30RR031152, P20RR015577)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
- Keywords
- vitamin D deficiency, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoantibody production, antinuclear antibodies, B cell activation, interferon-alpha, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, lupus pathogenesis, autoimmunity
- MeSH terms
- Antibodies, Antinuclear, B-Lymphocytes, Female, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Lymphocyte Activation, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Autoimmunity, Case-Control Studies, Interferon-alpha
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