Graves' disease complicated by fetal goitrous hypothyroidism treated with intra-amniotic administration of levothyroxine
Open accessAbstract
Fetal goitrous hypothyroidism is a rare entity and is caused mainly by maternal treatment of Graves' disease (GD). We report a case of a 22-year-old woman referred at 12 weeks of gestation due to hyperthyroidism subsequent to recently diagnosed GD. She started treatment with propylthiouracil and, at 21 weeks of gestation, fetal goitre was detected. A cordocentesis confirmed the diagnosis of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism, and intra-amniotic administration of levothyroxine (LT4) was performed and repeated through the pregnancy due to maintenance of fetal goitre. The pregnancy proceeded without further complications and a healthy female infant was born at 37 weeks of gestation, with visible goitre and thyroid function within the normal range at birth. Although there is no consensus on the optimal dose, the number of injections and the interval between them, intra-amniotic LT4 administration is recommended once fetal goitrous hypothyroidism is suspected, in order to prevent long-term complications of fetal hypothyroidism.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Fetal goiters are usually detected by ultrasound examinations or amniocentesis in the second or third trimesters.
“The conditions are usually detected by ultrasound examinations or amniocentesis in the second or third trimesters (252).”
From Levothyroxine: conventional and novel drug delivery formulations. (2023) · cites this paper as [252]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Stagnaro-Green, A., Abalovich, M., Alexander, E., Azizi, F., Mestman, J., Negro, R., Nixon, A., Pearce, E. N., Soldin, O. P., Sullivan, S., et al. (2011) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2011.0087 · Cited by 2,942 · see citing works
Alexander, E. K., Pearce, E. N., Brent, G. A., Brown, R. S., Chen, H., Dosiou, C., Grobman, W. A., Laurberg, P., Lazarus, J. H., Mandel, S. J., et al. (2017) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0457 · Cited by 2,731 · see citing works
Maternal and Fetal Thyroid Function
Epstein, F. H., Burrow, G. N., Fisher, D. A., & Larsen, P. R. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199410203311608 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Free T4 immunoassays are flawed during pregnancy
Lee, R. H., Spencer, C. A., Mestman, J. H., Miller, E. A., Petrovic, I., Braverman, L. E., & Goodwin, T. M. (2009) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.10.042 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Successful in Utero Treatment of Fetal Goiter and Hypothyroidism
Davidson, K. M., RICHARDS, D. S., Schatz, D., & Fisher, D. A. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199102213240807 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Thorpe‐Beeston, J. G., Nicolaides, K. H., & McGregor, A. M. (1992) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.1992.2.207 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Human Fetal and Cord Serum Thyroid Hormones: Developmental Trends and Interrelationships
Hume, R., Simpson, J., Delahunty, C., van Toor, H., Wu, S. Y., Williams, F. L. R., & Visser, T. J. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0573 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Intrauterine Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Goitrous Hypothyroidism
PERELMAN, A. H., JOHNSON, R. L., Clemons, R. D., Finberg, H. J., Clewell, W. H., & TRUJILLO, L. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-71-3-618 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Abuhamad, A. Z., Fisher, D. A., Warsof, S. L., Slotnick, R. N., Pyle, P. G., Wu, S., & Evans, A. T. (1995) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1995.06050368.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Graves’ hyperthyroidism in pregnancy: a clinical review
Nguyen, C. T., Sasso, E. B., Barton, L., & Mestman, J. H. (2018) · Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s40842-018-0054-7 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Ribault, V., Castanet, M., Bertrand, A.-M., Guibourdenche, J., VUILLARD, E., Luton, D., Polak, M., & the French Fetal Goiter Study Group (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2681 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Establishment of Reference Intervals for Markers of Fetal Thyroid Status in Amniotic Fluid
Singh, P. K., Parvin, C. A., & Gronowski, A. M. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030522 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Grüner, C., Kollert, A., Wildt, L., Dörr, H. G., Beinder, E., & Lang, N. (2000) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000053880 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Antithyroid drug-induced fetal goitrous hypothyroidism
Bliddal, S., Rasmussen, Å. K., Sundberg, K., Brocks, V., & Feldt‐Rasmussen, U. (2011) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.34 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Antenatal Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Hypothyroidism
Bruner, J. P., & Dellinger, E. H. (2009) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000264468 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hashimoto, H., Hashimoto, K., & Suehara, N. (2006) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000092466 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Successful Intrauterine Therapy for Fetal Goitrous Hypothyroidism during Late Gestation
Miyata, I., ABE-GOTYO, N., Tajima, A., Yoshikawa, H., Teramoto, S., Seo, M., Kanno, K., Sugiura, K., Tanaka, T., & Eto, Y. (2007) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.k07-047 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Mastrolia, S. A., Mandola, A. B., Mazor, M., Hershkovitz, R., Mesner, O., Beer-Weisel, R., Besser, L., Shelef, I., Loewenthal, N., Golan, A., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2014.983062 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Intrauterine diagnosis and treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism
Esmer, A. Ç., Gül, A., Dağdeviren, H., Bakırci, I. T., & Şahin, O. (2012) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.02003.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism: value of direct intramuscular L‐thyroxine therapy
Corral, E., Reascos, M., Preiss, Y., Rompel, S. M., & Sepúlveda, W. (2010) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.2560 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Munoz, J. L., Kessler, A. A., Felig, P., Curtis, J., & Evans, M. I. (2015) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000437367 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Iodine-Induced Fetal Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment with Intra-Amniotic Levothyroxine
Hardley, M. T., Chon, A. H., Mestman, J. H., Nguyen, C. T., Geffner, M. E., & Chmait, R. H. (2018) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000488776 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kobayashi, M., Yagasaki, H., Saito, T., Nemoto, A., Naito, A., & Sugita, K. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2017-0094 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Intrauterine Fetal Goiter: Diagnosis and Management
Göktolga, Ü., Karaşahin, K. E., Gezginç, K., Fidan, U., Ergün, A., & Başer, İ. (2008) · Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s1028-4559(08)60061-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ferianec, V., Papcun, P., Grochal, F., Schenková, K., & Bártová, M. (2016) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.13183 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Delay, F., Dochez, V., Biquard, F., Chevé, M.-T., Gillard, P., Arthuis, C., & Winer, N. (2018) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1555803 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Menut-Ruel, A., Barthod, M., Gauchez, A., Dupuis, C., Charrié, A., Dubois, C., Leriche, A., Polverelli, J.-F., Althuser, M., Jouk, P., et al. (2016) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2016.09.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Levothyroxine: conventional and novel drug delivery formulations.
Liu, H., Li, W., Zhang, W., Sun, S., & Chen, C. (2023) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnac030 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Stout, J. N., Bedoya, M. A., Grant, P. E., & Estroff, J. A. (2021) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mric.2021.06.007 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Teratogen update: Antithyroid medications
Romeo, A. N., & Običan, S. G. (2020) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.1771 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Huang, R., Zou, F.-L., Li, M.-J., Wu, Q., Yang, Q., Tang, B.-Z., & Liang, X. (2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2106051 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
(2019) · Reactions Weekly · doi:10.1007/s40278-019-68085-x
ФАРМАКОТЕРАПІЯ ВНУТРІШНЬОУТРОБНИХ ПАТОЛОГІЙ ПЛОДА
Бондаренко, Л. А., & Бондаренко, А. М. (2023) · Інфекційні хвороби · doi:10.11603/1681-2727.2022.3.13486
The ethics of intra-amniotic drug administration in perinatal clinical practice
Hong, G., Baden, K. E., Olds, R., Injeti, E. R., Williamson, J. D. M., Cole, J. W., & Sullivan, D. M. (2023) · Clinical Ethics · doi:10.1177/14777509231210758
- Authors
- Machado, C. M., Castro, J. M., Campos, R. A., & Oliveira, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Machado, Catarina Martins
- Venue
- BMJ Case Reports
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e230457
- ISSN
- 1757-790X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6700595
- OpenAlex
- W2969082584
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- BMJ Case Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Keywords
- Graves' disease, maternal hyperthyroidism, propylthiouracil, cordocentesis, pregnancy
- MeSH terms
- Drug Administration Routes, Female, Fetal Diseases, Goiter, Graves Disease, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Thyroxine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
