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Cited by 115Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsPhysical Activity and HealthRetinal Imaging and Analysis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Physical activity and the 15-year cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the Beaver Dam Eye Study

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Knudtson, M D, Klein, R, Klein, B E K·2006·British Journal of Ophthalmology
DOI 10.1136/bjo.2006.103796PMC PMC1857544
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may share common risk factors. Physical activity improves the cardiovascular risk profile; however, there have been few studies investigating a relationship between physical activity and the long-term incidence of AMD. METHODS: The 15-year cumulative incidence of AMD was determined through four examination phases at 5-year intervals of a population-based study conducted in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, USA, initiated in 1988-90 (n = 3874 men and women between ages 43 and 86 years). Early AMD (pigment abnormalities or soft indistinct drusen), exudative AMD and geographic atrophy were determined by grading stereoscopic colour fundus photographs. Measures of physical activity were obtained through a questionnaire administered at the baseline examination. RESULTS: After controlling for age, sex, history of arthritis, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking and education, people with an active lifestyle (defined as regular activity > or =3 times/week) at baseline were less likely to develop exudative AMD (odds ratio (OR) 0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1 to 0.7) compared with people without an active lifestyle. After multivariate adjustment, increased categories of number of blocks walked per day decreased the risk of exudative AMD (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.97). Physical activity was not related to the incidence of early AMD or pure geographic atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: These data show a protective effect of physical activity for incident exudative AMD, independent of body mass index and other confounders. They also suggest a possible modifiable behaviour that might be protective against developing AMD.

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  1. Gooley TA, Leisenring W, Crowley J, et al. Estimation of failure probabilities in the presence of competing risks: new representations of old estimators. Stat Med 1999;18:695-706.

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Metadata

Authors
Knudtson, M. D., Klein, R., & Klein, B. E. K.
Affiliations
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (US)
Corresponding author
Knudtson, M D
Venue
British Journal of Ophthalmology
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2006-08-17
Volume
90
Issue
12
Pages
1461-1463
ISSN
0007-1161 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1136/bjo.2006.103796
PMC
PMC1857544
OpenAlex
W2117164797
Cited by
115
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
FWCI
3.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • British Journal of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Research to Prevent Blindness (EY06594)
  • National Institutes of Health (EY 06594)
  • National Eye Institute (EY0-6594, U10EY006594)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Keywords
physical activity, age-related macular degeneration, exudative AMD, geographic atrophy, early AMD, cumulative incidence, walking, cardiovascular risk factors, Beaver Dam Eye Study, modifiable risk factors
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Life Style, Macular Degeneration, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Risk Factors, Wisconsin, Exercise, Incidence, Walking

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