Validity and reliability of the TED-QOL: a new three-item questionnaire to assess quality of life in thyroid eye disease
Abstract
AIM: To develop and test a user-friendly questionnaire for rapidly assessing quality of life (QOL) in thyroid eye disease (TED). METHODS: A three-item questionnaire, the TED-QOL, was designed and compared to the 16-item Graves Ophthalmopathy (GO)-QOL and the nine-item GO-Quality of Life Scale (QLS). 100 patients with TED were administered all three questionnaires on two occasions. Results were compared to clinical severity scores (Vision, Inflammation, Strabismus, Appearance (VISA) classification). Main outcomes were construct and criterion validity, test-retest reliability, duration, comprehension and completion rates. TED-QOL correlated strongly with the other questionnaires for corresponding items (Pearson correlation: appearance 0.71, 0.62; functioning 0.69, 0.66; overall QOL 0.53). Test-retest analysis demonstrated good reliability for all three questionnaires (intraclass correlations: TED-QOL 0.81, 0.74, 0.87; GO-QOL 0.81, 0.82; GO-QLS 0.74, 0.86, 0.67). TED-QOL was significantly faster to complete (1.6 min vs GO-QOL 3.1 min, GO-QLS 2.7 min, p<0.0001) and had a higher completion rate (100% vs GO-QOL 78%, GO-QLS 94%). There was only moderate correlation between items on all three questionnaires and VISA scores. CONCLUSION: The TED-QOL is rapid and easy to complete and analyse and has similar validity and reliability to longer questionnaires. All questionnaires showed only moderate correlation with disease severity, emphasising the discrepancy between objective and subjective assessments and the importance of measuring both.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The QoL correlation with disease severity has been fair to excellent for two GO-specific instruments published to date in North American populations.
“The QoL correlation with disease severity has been fair to excellent for two GO specific instruments published to date in North American populations (527,528), though the effect of GO therapy on these QoL scores still needs prospective data.”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [528]
Cites
Quality of Life: The assessment, analysis and interpretation of patient-reported outcomes
Fayers, P. M., & Machin, D. (2007) · Cited by 1,419 · see citing works
Quality of Life: The Assessment, Analysis and Interpretation of Patient‐Reported Outcomes
Fayers, P. M., & Machin, D. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9780470024522 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
de Boer, A. G. E. M., van Lanschot, J. J. B., Stalmeier, P. F. M., van Sandick, J. W., Hulscher, J. B. F., de Haes, J. C. J. M., & Sprangers, M. A. G. (2004) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/b:qure.0000018499.64574.1f · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Terwee, C. B., Gerding, M. N., Dekker, F. W., Prummel, M. F., & Wiersinga, W. M. (1998) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.82.7.773 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
VISA Classification for Graves Orbitopathy
Dolman, P. J., & Rootman, J. (2006) · Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.iop.0000235499.34867.85 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationGerding, M., Terwee, C., Dekker, F., Koornneef, L., Prummel, M., & Wiersinga, W. (1997) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.1997.7.885 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Psychosocial morbidity of Graves’ orbitopathy
Kahaly, G. J., Petrak, F., Hardt, J., Pitz, S., & Egle, U. T. (2005) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02352.x · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Impaired health-related quality of life in Graves' disease. A prospective study
Elberling, T. V., Ak, R., Feldt‐Rasmussen, U., Hørding, M., Perrild, H., & Waldemar, G. (2004) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1510549 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Test-Retest Reliability of the GO-QOL
Terwee, C. B., Gerding, M. N., Dekker, F. W., Prummel, M. F., van der Pol, J. P., & Wiersinga, W. M. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00069-4 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Quality of life in patients with Graves ophthalmopathy
Yeatts, R. P. (2006) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2006.04.012 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Evaluation of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
Bradley, E. A., Sloan, J. A., Novotny, P. J., Garrity, J. A., Woog, J. J., & West, S. K. (2006) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.02.060 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Assessment of Quality of Life and Depression in Korean Patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy
Lee, H., Roh, H. S., Yoon, J. S., & Lee, S. Y. (2010) · Korean Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.3341/kjo.2010.24.2.65 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Kulig, G., Andrysiak-Mamos, E., Sowińska-Przepiera, E., Kulig, J., Karakiewicz, B., Brodowski, J., Robaczyk, M. G., Homa, K., Letkiewicz, M., & Syrenicz, A. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ross, D. S., Burch, H. B., Cooper, D. S., Greenlee, M. C., Laurberg, P., Maia, A. L., Rivkees, S. A., Samuels, M., Sosa, J. A., Stan, M. N., et al. (2016) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0229 · Cited by 2,938 · see citing works
“The QoL correlation with disease severity has been fair to excellent for two GO specific instruments published to date in North American populations (527,528), though the effect of GO therapy on these QoL scores still needs prospective data.”
MethodWong, C. K. H., Lang, B. H. H., & Lam, C. L. K. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.006 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fayers, T., & Dolman, P. J.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Dolman, P. J.
- Venue
- British Journal of Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2011-09-27
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1670-1674
- ISSN
- 0007-1161 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2165454835
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of British Columbia
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Ocular Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma
- Keywords
- Graves' ophthalmopathy, quality of life, questionnaire development, construct validity, test-retest reliability, disease severity, patient-reported outcomes, questionnaire completion time
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Male, Pilot Projects, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Reproducibility of Results, Disease Progression, Graves Ophthalmopathy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
